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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triple Entente
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Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I
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Triple Alliance
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Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I
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Armenian Genocide
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Assault carried out by mainly TUrkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the middle east
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League of Nations
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International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member
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Mandates
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Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain occupied mandates in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922
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Fascism
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Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; disolved 1991
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Red Army
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Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background
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The Long March
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Communist escape from Hunan province during civil war with Guomindang in 1934; center of Communist power moved to Shaanxi province; firmly established Mao Zadong as head of the Communist party in China
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Great Depression
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International economic crisis following the First World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optomistic assumptions of 19th century
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Popular Front
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Combination of socialist and communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938
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The New Deal
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President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life
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Socialist Realism
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Attempt within the U.S.S.R. to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticismAnschluss
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Anschluss
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Hitler's union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations
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Blitzkrieg
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German term for lightning warfare; involved rapid movement of airplanes, tanks, and mechanized troop carriers; resulted in early German victories over Belgium, Holland, and France in World War II
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Battle of Britain
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The 1940 Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and other British cities, countered by British innovative air tactics and radar tracking of German assault aircraft
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Holocaust
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Term for Hitler's genocide of European Jews during World War II; resulted in deaths of 6 million Jews
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Pearl Harbor
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American naval base in Hawaii; attack by Japanese on this facility in December 1941 crippled American fleet in the Pacific and caused entry of United States into World War II
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Battle of the Bulge
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Hitler's last-ditch effort to repel the invading Allied armies in the winter of 1944-1945
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Total war
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Warfare of the 20th century; vast resources and emotional commitments of beligerent nations were marshaled to support military effort; result from impact of industrialization on the military effort reflecting technological innovation and organizational capacity
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United Nations
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International organization formed in the aftermath of World War II; included all of the victorious Allies; its primary mission was to provide a forum for negotiating disputes
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Harry Truman
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American president from 1945 to 1952; less eager for smooth relations with the Soviet Union than Franklin Roosevelt; authorized use of atomic bomb during World War II; architect of American diplomacy that initiated the cold war
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Winston Churchill
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(1874-1965) British prime minister during World War II; responsible for British resistance to German air assaults
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Juan D. Peron
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Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973
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Mao Zedong
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(1893-1976) Communist leader in revolutionary China; advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China by 1949; initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958
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Joseph Stalin
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Successor to Lenin as head of the U.S.S.R.; strongly nationalist view of communism; represented anti-Western strain of Russian tradition; crushed opposition to his rule; established series of five-year plans to replace New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivation; led U.S.S.R. through World War II; furthered cold war with wester Europe and the United States; died in 1953
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Pancho Villa
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(1878-1923) Mexican revolutionary and military commander in northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution; succeeded along with Emiliano Zapato in removing Diaz from power in 1911; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta
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Emiliano Zapata
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Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerilla movement after 1910 centered in Morelos; succeeded along with Pancho Villa in removing Diaz from power; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta; demanded sweeping land reform
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Benito Mussolini
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Italian fascist leader after World War I; created first fascist government (1922-1943) based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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(1863-1914) Hier apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I
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Nicholas II
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Tsar of Russia 1894-1917; forcefully suppressed political opposition and resisted constitutional government; deposed by revolution in 1917
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Adolf Hitler
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Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to World War II; responsible for genocide of European Jews
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Ataturk
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Also known as Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models
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Vichy France
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French collaborationist government established in 1940 in southern France following defeat of French armies by the Germans
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Quit India Movement
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movement in Great Britain to abandon and "quit" on India
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Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam Conferences
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determined the shape of Europe after World War II
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Munich Agreement
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the final example of appeasement, led to the downfall of the British government
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White Army
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the opposition to the "Red Army"; loyalists; "white russians"
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Corporatism
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government organizational style
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Genocide
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the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.
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Appeasement
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to make anxious overtures and often undue concessions to satisfy the demands of someone with a greed for power, territory, etc.:
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Unrestricted War
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warfare without bounds, result of total war
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Battle of Midway
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Major World War II naval battle between the U.S. and Japan
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Schlefein Plan
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pre-war plan of Germany
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The Great War
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World War I
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Self-Determination
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movement amongst imperial nations; self determined fate
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Totalitarianism
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led by authoritary dictator; total control over all of a society; took place from post World War I to the reign of Franco
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Spanish Civil War
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simultaneous with World War II; spain was not involved because of this
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World Zionist Organization
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organization in which European Jews meant to return to Israel-their home
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Alexander Krenesky
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Head of Russia between the czar and the Bolsheviks
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Franz Joseph
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formed an alliance with Prussian-led Germany that led to the Triple Alliance (1882); In 1914 his ultimatum to Serbia following the murder of the next heir presumptive, Francis Ferdinand, led Austria and Germany into World War I.
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Woodrow Wilson
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the president who led the United States through World War I.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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managed to pull Americans out of the Great Depression and lead them to victory in World War II.
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Francisco Franco
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fascist leader of Spain
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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opposition to communists, flees with his government to Taiwan
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Wilhelm II
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German emperor (kaiser) and king of Prussia (1888 – 1918);in World War I he encouraged the grandiose war aims of the generals and politicians. After Germany's defeat, he fled to The Netherlands, ending the monarchy in Germany, and lived in exile until his death.
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D Day
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The day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II (June 6, 1944).
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VI Lenin
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Founder of Bolshevism and the force behind the Russian revolution
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Rasputin
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mad monk; had much influence over the Romonov family
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George Clemenceau
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leader of France in World War I
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David Lloyd George
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leader of England in World War I
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Mohandas Ghandi
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His public acts of defiance landed him in jail many times as the struggle continued through World War II. In 1947 he participated in the postwar negotiations with Britain that led to Indian independence
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Gestapo
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The German internal security police as organized under the Nazi regime, known for its terrorist methods directed against those suspected of treason or questionable loyalty.
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National Congress Party
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Indian Nationalism
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Nationalist Socialists
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Nazis
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Syndicalism
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liberal economic policy; government had control of the policy
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Mexican Revolution of 1910
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marked the end of Diaz's rule
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Supreme Soviet
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The bicameral legislature of the former Soviet Union, with members elected in one house from the population at large and in the other from the constituent national republics.
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Treaty of Versailles
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International agreement, signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles, that concluded World War I. It was negotiated primarily by the U.S., Britain, and France, without participation by the war's losers.
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Collectivization
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To organize (an economy, industry, or enterprise) on the basis of collectivism; small farm --> big farm
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new economic policy
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soviet union; lenin
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5 year plans
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stalin
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