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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the below except:
a. brain ventricles b. central canal of the spinal cord c. subarachnoid space d. outside the dura mater |
D
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2. Motor areas on one side of the brain control skeletal muscle movement of the opposite side of the body because:
a. the motor cortex is only on the left side of the brain b. the motor tracts cross at the medulla c. the motor control is only on the right side of the brain d. the cerebral hemispheres are assymetrical |
B
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3. Which cerebral lobe contains the visual cortex?:
a. frontal b. temporal c. insula d. occipital e. parietal |
D
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4. The cortex of the upper brain is:
a. white matter b. gray matter c. white and gray matter d. meninges |
B
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5. Which of the following is derived from the metencephalon?:
a. cerebellum b. medulla c. thalamus d. cerebrum |
A
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6. Folds or convolutions which protrude from the cerebral surface are called:
a. gyri b. fissures c. sulci d. hemispheres e. vermis |
A
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7. The left and right sides of the cerebrum are separated into hemispheres by the:
a. gyri b. longitudinal fissures c. corpus callosum d. transverse fissure e. central sulcus |
B
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8. The terminal, cone shaped end of the spinal cord is the:
a. medulla b. plexus c. cauda equina d. conus medularis |
D
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9. The meninges
a. are made of cartilage b. are included as neuroglia c. end at the foramen magnum d. are connective tissue |
D
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10. The control center for respiration is located in the:
a. medulla b. hypothalamus c. cerebrum d. thalamus e. cerebellum |
B
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11. Coordination and precise skeletal muscle movement is controlled by the:
a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. medulla d. hypothalamus e. thalamus |
B
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12. The corpus callosum contains which type fibers?
a. projection b. association c. commissure d. decussation |
C
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13. The emotional brain is called the:
a. reticular activating system (RAS) b. cerebellum c. limbic system d. telencephalon e. hypothalamus |
C
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14. Many blood toxins do not affect the brain because of the:
a. choroid plexus b. blood brain barrier c. cerebrospinal fluid d. medulla e. meninges |
B
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15. The ability of the body to be unaware of background stimuli is through the:
a. limbic system b. hypothalamus c. reticular activating system (RAS) d. premotor cortex d. cerebellum |
C
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16. The part of the brain specializing in learned skills like typing:
a. cerebellum b. Broca's area c. premotor cortex d. occipital lobe of the cerebrum |
C
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17. This area of the cerebrum is often called the speech area:
a. Wernicke's area b. Gustatory cortex c. Prefrontal cortex d. Brodmann's area |
A
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18. Cerebrospinal fluid is made at the
a. subarachnoid space b. corpus callosum c. choroid plexus d. meninges |
C
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19. In spastic paralysis
a. reflex signals from the spinal cord reach the muscle b. damage is at the ventral root c. damage is at the dorsal root d. only the lower limbs are affected e. sensory input is not detected but motor signals are sent |
A
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20. Parkinson's like tremors are associated with inappropriate release of which neurotransmitter in the brain:
a. basal nuclei b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine |
B
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21. Basic autonomic reflexes to sustain life is a function of the
a. hypothalamus b. medulla c. cereburm d. pons e. thalamus |
B
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22. The meninges nearest the brain
a. arachnoid b. pia mater c. choroid d. dura mater |
B
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23. The gray commissure is found
a. near the central canal of the spinal cord b. connecting the cerebral hemispheres c. cortex of the spinal cord d. only in the lumbar and cervical regions |
A
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24. The anterior groove of the spinal cord is the anterior
a. median sulcus b. median fissure c. ventral horn d. dorsal horn e. median funiculi |
B
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25. The inner portion of the spinal cord contains matter, while the outer portion is___ matter.
a. gray, white b. white, gray c. white, white d. gray, gray |
A
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26. The pituitary gland is attached to the brain by the:
a. sella turcica b. infundibulum c. ramus d. cauda equina e. medulla |
B
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1. Rapid responses to stimuli in the internal or external environment are:
a. conduction b. reflexes c. sensory receptors d. sensations e. integrations |
B
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2. Which of the following does not have both sensory and motor functions:
a. facial nerve b. vagus nerve c. vestibulocochlear nerve d. trigeminal nerve |
C
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3. The largest nerve from the sacral plexus is the:
a. radial b. phrenic c. femoral d. sciatic e. vagus |
D
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4. There are ____pairs of spinal nerves and ___pairs of cranial nerves.
a. 31, 12 b. 30, 12 c. 62, 24 d. 24, 12 e. 12, 31 |
A
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5. Changes in carbon dioxide concentration in the blood would be detected by:
a. photoreceptors b. chemoreceptors c. nocioceptors d. themoreceptors |
B
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6. In spastic paralysis:
a. reflex signals from the spinal cord reach the muscle b. damage is at the ventral root c. damage is at the dorsal root d. only the lower limbs are affected e. sensory input is not detected but motor signals are sent |
A
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7. Which of the following contains only sensory fibers?:
a. ventral roots b. dorsal root c. spinal nerve d. ventral ramus e. dorsal ramus |
B
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8. In the crossed extensor reflex the ipsilateral side is:
a. flexed b. extended c. abducted d. dorsiflexed e. plantarflexed |
A
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9. The sense of smell is associated with which cranial nerve?:
a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. VIII |
A
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10. Babinski's sign is normal for:
a. adults b. infants c. flaccid paralysis d. both a and b |
B
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11. The radial nerve is derived from the
a. cervical plexus b. brachial plexus c. lumbosaral plexus c. branch of the vagus nerve |
B
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12. Two pair of spinal nerves are associated with the
a. cervical vertebra #1 b. cervical vertebra #7 c. thoracic vertebra #7 d. lumbar vertebra #1 e. coccyx |
B
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13. The degree of muscle stretch is sensed by
a. proprioceptors b. Meisner's corpuscles c. chemoreceptors d. nociceptors e. Pacinian corpuscles |
A
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14. Which sensory receptor is structurally defined as a free dendrite ending?
a. Pacinian corpuscle b. nociceptor c. Meisner's corpuscle d. Golgi tendon body |
B
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15. Which nerve is not involved in eye muscle movement:
a. oculomotor b. abducens c. optic d. trochlear |
C
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16. Integration occurs at the:
a. brain or spinal cord b. effector c. receptor d. all of the above |
A
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17. The measurement and recording of brain wave activity can indicate:
a. mental activity b. death c. sleep stages d. brain disorders e. all of the above |
E
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18. These brain waves are predominant during deep sleep:
a. alpha b. beta c. theta d. delta |
D
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19 The predominant brain waves seen when one is mentally active:
a. alpha b. beta c. theta d. delta |
B
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20 Choose the brain wave pattern with many short waves per unit of time would be classified as:
a. high amplitude, low frequency b. high amplitude, high frequency c. low amplitude, high frequency d. low amplitude, low frequency |
C
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21. A bundle of axons or fascicle has a connective tissue covering called the:
a. perineurium b. epineurium c. endoneurium d. endomysium |
A
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22. Rapid responses to stimuli in the internal or external environment are:
a. conduction b. reflexes c. sensory receptors d. sensations e. integrations |
B
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23. Which of the following contains only sensory fibers?
a. ventral roots b. dorsal root c. spinal nerve |
B
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24. Which nerve is not involved in eye muscle movement
a. oculomotor b. abducens c. optic d. trochlear d. ventral ramus e. dorsal ramus |
C
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1. Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the:
a. cerebrum b.parasympathetic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. somatic nervous system e. all of these |
C
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2. The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by peripheral ganglia near the:
a. organs with short postganglionic fibers. b. organs with long postganglionic fibers. c. spinal cord with short postganglionic fibers. d. spinal cord with long postganglionic fibers. |
A
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3. The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the
a. parasympathetic division b. sympathetic division c. somatic division d.peripheral nervous system |
A
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4. The effector that is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system:
a. smooth muscle b. cardiac muscle c. skeletal muscle d. most glands |
C
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5. Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
a. increased saliva b.increased activity of the digestive system c. lower heart rate d. dilation of pupils e. all are related to parasympathetic stimulation |
D
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6. The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous sytem is
a. the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord b. the higher brain centers c. the sympathetic chain ganglia d. the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord |
D
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7. The neurotransmitter released by all parasympathetic fibers:
a. norpinephrine b. epinephrine c. acetylcholine d. dopamine |
C
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8. Fibers that release norepinephrine are
a. cholinergic b. adrenergic c. nicotinic d. alpha or beta |
B
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9. Cells form this gland act as a part of the autonomic nervous system by secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream:
a. adrenal medulla d. renal cortex c. pancreas d. hypothalamus e. pituitary |
A
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10. Vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle on blood vessels to the digestive tract occurs when these receptors are bound with norepinephrine:
a. beta-1 b. beta-2 c. alpha-1 d. alpha-2 e. muscurinic |
C
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11. In the fight-or-flight response, the increase in heart rate occurs because norepinephrine binds to:
a. beta-1 b. beta-2 c. alpha-1 d. alpha-2 e. muscurinic |
A
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12. Reuptake of norepinephrine at the axon terminal occurs at which receptor?
a. beta-1 b. beta-2 c. alpha-1 d. alpha-2 e. muscurinic |
D
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13. Bronchodilation occurs when norepinephrine binds to these receptors in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles:
a. beta-1 b. beta-2 c. alpha-1 d. alpha-2 e. muscurinic |
B
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14. The receptor for acetycholine located on the postganglionic neuron cell body in the autonomic nervous system and also on skeletal muscle:
a. beta-2 b. alpha-1 c. alpha-2 d. nicotinic e. muscurinic |
D
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15. The duration of acetylcholine is short-lived after release from the axon terminal due to the action of:
a. depolarization b. the postganglionc axons c. reuptake at the axon terminal d. acetylcholine esterase |
D
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16. Branches of spinal nerves in the thoracic and lumbar regions form this structure near the spinal cord from which axons leave to innervate organs and tissues of the body:
a. parasympathetic ganglia b. sympathetic chain ganglia c. autonomic nervous system d. thoracolumbar division |
B
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17. An inhibitory muscurinic receptor would be located on:
a. GI tract b. salivary gland c. cardiac muscle d. iris e. all are inhibitory |
C
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18. Norepinephrine is released by
a. cholinergic fibers b. adrenergic fibers |
B
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19. Most organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system:.
a. true b. false |
A
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1. Which structure is not part of the inner ear?
a. semicircular canal b. Auditory or Eustachian tube c. cochlea d. vestibule e. Organ of Corti |
B
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2. An infection from the upper respiratory tract may spread to the ear by way of the Eustachian tube.:
a. outer b. middle c. inner |
B
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3. Which of the following is specifically associated with the cochlea?
a. saccule b. crista ampularis c. organ of Corti d. stapes e. tympanic membrane |
C
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4. Transmission of sound to the middle ear:
a. depends on vibration of the tympanic membrane b. requires movement of the hair cells in the cochlea c. stimulates hair cells at the organ of Corti d. stimulation of the vestibulocochear nerve e. all of the above |
A
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5. The receptors for smell are:
a. olfactory cells b. gustatory cells c. basal cells d. axons e. papillae |
A
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6. Which of the following structures are located in the fibrous tunic of the eye?
a. iris and choroid b. retina and choroid c. sclera and cornea d. retina and cornea e. lens and cornea |
C
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7. The dilation and constriction of smooth muscle in this structure regulates the amount of light entering the eye:
a. pupil b. iris c. lens d. sclera e. suspensory ligament |
B
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8. An increase in the intraocular pressure anterior to the iris, can result in glaucoma. The fluid that may not be draining adequately is the:
a. aqueous humor b. plasma c. vitreous humor d. canal of Schlemm |
A
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9. Vision is detected in which lobe of the cerebrum?
a. temporal b. occipital c. frontal d. insula e. parietal |
B
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10. Mitral cells are associated with the sense of:
a. taste b. smell c. vision d. hearing e. equilibrium |
B
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11. The receptor for static equilibrium is in the:
a. semicircular canals b. cochlea c. vestibule d. organ of Corti |
C
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12. Most dreaming occurs during this later stage of sleep:
a. NREM b. REM c. coma d. slow wave sleep |
B
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13. Which level of motor control utilizes the cerebellum?
a. projection b. segmental c. programs/instructions d. circuit |
C
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14. Equilibrium is sensed along which nerve?
a. the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nearve b. the vagus nerve c. the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve d. the facial nerve |
A
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15. The organ of Corti is
a. in the vestibule b. in the semicircular canals c. the organ of hearing d. receptor for dynamic equilibrium e. the receptor for static equilibrium |
C
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16. In the retina the first cell to be activated by light:
a. bipolar b. afferent c. photoreceptor d. ganglion |
C
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17. The large posterior cavity of the eyeball contains the:
a. aqueous humor b. vitreous humor c. cerebrospinal fluid d. plasma |
B
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18. Fluid which cleans and lubricates the eyeball is produced by the
a. canal of Schlemm b. sclera c. lacrimal gland d. conjunctiva |
C
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19. The function of saliva in tasting is:
a. enzymatic action necessary before taste occurs b. convey nerve impulse c. maintain pH for taste d. dissolve the substance to be tasted |
D
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20. The special sense where activation of the receptors inform the body on the head position in response to body movement or angular head movement is
a. dynamic equilibrium b. static equilibrium c. audition d. accommodation e. gustation |
A
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21. The middle or vascular tunic of the eyeball incudes the
a. choroid b. retina c. cornea d. conjunctiva e. sclera |
A
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22. The auditory ossicle nearest the tympanic membrane:
a. stapes b. malleus c. cochlea d. incus e. vestibule |
A
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23. The image formed at the retina is:
a. elongated b. correct c. does not occur d. inverted |
D
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24. Impulses for the visual pathway are conveyed to the optic nerve from the:
a. choroid b. sclera c. retina d. lens e. cornea |
C
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25. Rhodopsin is the photopigment in rods that contains a protein joined to a form of which vitamin?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E |
A
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26. The bony labyrinth is located in the:
a. outer ear b. middle ear c. inner ear d. ossicles |
C
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27. The photoreceptors concentrated in the fovea centralis:
a. rods b. cones c. both rods and cones d. neither rods nor cones |
B
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28. Focusing on near objects is the function of the:
a. retina b. cornea c. pupil d. lens |
D
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29. The interior of the membranous sac in the cochlear contains
a. perilymph b. bony labyrinth c. vestibule d. endolymph |
D
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30. Accommodation for vision by changing its thickness is a function of the:
a. iris b. cornea c. lens d. aqueous humor e. retina |
C
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31. Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the:
a. utricle b. saccule c. crista ampullaris d. organ of Corti e. scala vestibuli |
C
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32. These cells are necessary to produce new gustatory and olfactory receptor cells
a. basal cells b. supporting cells c. hair cells d. neurons |
A
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33. Eyelids are also called
a. papillae b. palpebrae c. lacrimals d. orbicularis oculi |
B
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34. Vibration of sound waves from the ossicles is transmitted through the window directly into the of the bony labryinth:.
a. oval, endolymph b. round, perilymph c. oval, perilymph d. round, endolymph |
C
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35. Which of the following is not a primary taste?
a. salty b. sour c. sweet d. chocolate e. bitter |
D
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36. The membrane that lines the anterior sclera and inner eyelid is the:
a. lacrimal membrane b. cornea c. conjunctiva d. optic membrane |
C
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37. The blind spot is also the
a. macula lutea b. fovea centralis c. optic disc d. retina e. location of mostly rods |
C
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38. Light rays pass through all surfaces except
a. cornea b. lens c. vitreous body d. aqueous humor e. choroid |
E
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39. In the auditory pathway the nervous impulse ends in the
a. occipital lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. frontal lobe e. insula |
B
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40. Fibers from the olfactory receptor cells exit through the ethmoid bone and synapse onto cells located in the:
a. frontal lobe of the cerebrum b. nasal cavity c. olfactory bulb d. olfactory chiasma e. none of the above |
C
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41. The holes in the medial canthi where tears drain directly from the surface of the eye:
a. lacrimal ducts b. puncta c. lacrimal sac d. nasolacrimal duct |
B
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42. The lens is held in place by extensions from the ciliary body known as the:
a. canal of Schlemm b. levator palpabrae c. suspensory ligament d. smooth muscle of the iris |
C
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43. The transparent proteins that make up the lens are:
a. rhodopsins b. collagen c. crystallins d. albumin e. immunoglobulins |
C
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44. More rods than cones are located
a. in the fovea centralis b. periphery of retina c. in the optic disc d. in the retina at night |
B
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45. The taste pore contains the
a. supporting cell b. gustatory cell c. gustatory hair d. basal cell |
C
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46. Papillae are
a. elevations on the tongue and are individual taste buds b. elevations on the tongue and contain many taste buds c. not associated with taste buds but contain taste hairs d. associated with receptors for sweet taste e. eyelids |
B
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