A&p Lymph System

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Abscess

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a localized collection of pus within a damaged tissue

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Acquired Immune Dificiency Syndrome AIDS

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a disease caused by the (HIV) characterized by the destruction of helper T cells and a resulting severe impairment of the immune response

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Active Immunity

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immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory

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Adenoids

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the pharyngeal tonsil

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Allergy

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a overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen also called hypersensitiity

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Antibody-mediated immunity

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the form of immunity resulting from the presence of circulating antibodies produced by plasma cells; also called humoral immunity

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B cells

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lymphocytes that oversee humoral immunity; there descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cels; also called B lymphocytes

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Chemotaxis

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the attraction of phagocytic cells to the sourse of abnormal chemicals in tissue fluids

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Clonal Selection

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the process during which a B cell of T cell bcomes sensitized through binding contact with an antigen

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Clone

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decendants of a single cell

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Complement

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a group of plasma proteins that normally circulate in inactive forms; when activated by complement fixation, causes lysis of foreign cells and enhances phagocytosis and inflammation

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Cytotoxic

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poisonous to cells

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Cytotoxic T cells

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lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity that kill target cells by direct contact or by the secretion of lymphotoxins; also called killer T cells and Tc cells

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Germinal Centers

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pale regions in the interior of lymphoid tissues or noules, where cell divisions are under way

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Helper T cells

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lymphocytes whose secretions and other activities coordinate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunities also called TH cells

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Hilum/Hilus

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A localized region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or other anatomical structures are attached to an organ

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Histamine

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a substance that causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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the infectious agent that causes AIDS

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Hydrochloric Acid

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HCI aids protein gigestion in he stomach, produced by parietal cells

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Immune response

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antigen-specific defenses mounted by activated lymphocytes (tcells B cells

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Immunity

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the ability of the body to resist many agents (both living and nonliving) that can cause disease; resistance to disease

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Immunoglobulin

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a protein molecule, realeased by plasma cells, that mediates humoral immunity; an antibody

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Interferons

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peptides released by virus infected cells, especially lymphocyts, that slow viral replication and make other cells more resistant to viral infections

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Killer T Cells

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effector T cells that directly kill foreign cells; also called cytotoxic T cells

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Kinins

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group of polypeptides that dilate arterioles, increase vascular permeadbility, and induce pain

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Lymph node

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a mass of lmphatic tissue

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Lymphatic Vessels

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the vesseles of the lymphatic system; also called lymphatics

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Lymphoid organs

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refers to organs in the lymphatic system inculding lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils, see lymphatic system

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Lymphokines

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proteins involved in cell-mediated immune responces that enhance the immune and inflammatory responses

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Macrophage

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a phagocytic cell of the monocyte-macrophag system

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Mast cell

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a connective tissue that, whe stimulated, releases histamine, serotonin, and heparin, initiating the inflammatory response

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Medulla

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the central portion of certian organs

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Memory cell

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member of T cell and B cell clones that provides for immunologic memory

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Memory

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the ability to recall information or sensations; can be divided into stort term and long term memories

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Monoclonal antibodies

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pure perparations of identical antibodies that exhibit specificity for a single antigen

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Monokines

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secretions released by activated cells of the monocyte-macrophage system to coordinate various aspects of the immune system

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Neutralization

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1 a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base; 2 bloackage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sited

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Opsonization

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an effect of coatin an object with antibodies; the attraction and enhancement of phagocyosis

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Passive Immunity

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short lived immunity resulting from the introduction of borrowed antobodies obtained from an immune animal or human donor, immunological memory is not established

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Pathogen

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diease causing microorganism

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Phagocye

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a cell capable of engulfing and digesting particles or cells harmful to the body

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Plasma cell

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member of a b cell clone, specialized to produce and release antibodies

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Precipitation

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formation of insoluble complexes that settle out of solution

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Pus

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an accumulation of debris, fluid, dead and dying cells, and necrotic tissue

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Pyrogen

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an agent or chemical sybstance that induces fever

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Slpeen

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a lymphatic organ important for the phagocytosis of red blood cells, the immune response, and lymphocyte production

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Suppessor T cells

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regulatory T lymphocytes that suppress the immune response

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Systemic Edema

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an accumulation of fluid in body organs or tissues

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T Cells

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Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; inculde helper, killer, suppressor, an memory cells. also called T lymphocytes

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Tonsil

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a lymphnoid nodule in the wall of the pharynx; the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils

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Trabecula

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connective tissue that subdivides an organ

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White Blood Cells

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the granulocytes and agranulocytes of blood

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coagulation

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clotting (of blood)

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Serum

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the ground substance of blood plasma from which clotting agents have been removed

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Plasma

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the fluid portion of the blood

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Aggulutination

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clumping of (foreign) cells, induced by cross-linking of antigen-antibody complexes

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Alkalosis

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a condition in which the blood has a lower hydrogen ion concentration than normal, and an increased pH

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Antigen

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any substance-including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria-that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system

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Diapedesis

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the passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues

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Hematopoiesis

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formation of blood cells

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Hemocytoblasts

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stem cells whose divisions produce each of the various populations of blood cells

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Hemolysis

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the rupture of erth-rocytes

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pathogens:

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disease-causing microorganisms (e.g., some bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc)

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active immunity:

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immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory

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antibody-mediated immunity

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the form of immunity resulting from the presence of circulating antibodies produced by plasma cells; also called humoral immunity

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helper T cells

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lymphocytes whose secretions and other activities coordinate cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunities; also called TH cells

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interferons:

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peptides released by virus infected cells, especially lymphocytes, that slow viral replication and make other cells more resistant to viral infection

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passive immunity:

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short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of “borrowed antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor; immunological memory is not established