A&p Lecture Exam 2

Front 1

Goblet Cells

Back 1

Mucus-producing epithelial cell

Front 2

Gap Junctions

Back 2

Protein channels that aid in inter cellular communication, allow ions and small molecules to pass through, coordinate function of cardiac and smooth muscle, and my help coordinate movement of cilia in ciliated types of epithelium.

Front 3

Location of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

Back 3

Lining of blood vessels and the heart, as well as the lymphatic vessels and small ducts.

Front 4

Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Back 4

Kidney tubules, glands and their ducts.

Front 5

Location of Simple Collumnar Epithelium?

Back 5

Located in stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Front 6

Location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

Back 6

Divided into non-keratinized and keratinized:

• non-keratinized: located in mouth, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina, etc (moist)
• keratinized: located primarily in the skin

Front 7

Location of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?

Back 7

Located in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, and salivary gland ducts.

Front 8

Location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

Back 8

Located in the nasal cavity lining, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs.

Front 9

Location of Transitional Epithelium?

Back 9

Located in the lining of the urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra.

Front 10

Intercolated disks

Back 10

Small connections between cardiac muscle cells, allow them to communicate and move in unison.

Front 11

Adipose Tissue

Back 11

• Tissue made up of adipose cells (fat cells) found in the hypo dermis of the skin.
• Stores energy, and insulates organs.

Front 12

Tight Junctions

Back 12

• Hold cells together, form permeability barrier.

Front 13

Desmosome

Back 13

• Disk shaped regions of cell membrane; often found in areas that are subjected to stress.
  
• Contain especially adhesive glycoproteins
• Intermediate protein filaments extend into cytoplasm of cells
• Striated squamous epithelium of the skin

Front 14

Hemidesmosomes

Back 14

• Half of a desmosome
  
• Attach epithelial cells to basement membrane

Front 15

Mesenchyme

Back 15

• Source of all adult connective tissue.
  
• Forms primarily from mesoderm
• Delicate collagen fibers embedded in semi-fluid matrix

Front 16

Macrophages

Back 16

• Phagocytize or provide protection
• Two types:
• Fixed: stay in position in connective tissue
• Wandering: move by amoeboid movement through the connective tissue

Front 17

Whats the most abundant protein in the human body?

Back 17

Collagen

Front 18

Cells found in Loose Connective Tissue?

Back 18

• Fibroblasts
• mast cells
• lymphocytes
• adipose cells
• macrophages

Front 19

If cell name ends in blasts?

Back 19

Then it creates the matrix, ex: osteoblast

Front 20

If cell name ends in cytes?

Back 20

Then it maintains the matrix, example chondrocyte.

Front 21

If cell name ends in clasts?

Back 21

Then it breaks down tissue for remodeling, ex: osteoclasts.

Front 22

Mast cells

Back 22

Common beneath membranes; along small blood vessels. Can release heparin, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes in response to injury.

Front 23

Reticular Connective Tissue is found?

Back 23

within the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

Front 24

What is Erythema?

Back 24

Redness of skin

Front 25

What cells in the skin are responsible for light touch?

Back 25

Merkel Cells

Front 26

Three major types of skin cancer?

Back 26

• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Malignant melanoma

Front 27

Basal cell carcinoma

Back 27

• Most common skin cancer
• Least dangerous because it seldom metastasizes
• Forms from cells in stratum basale

Front 28

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 28

• usually on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of hand
• Consists of a concave ulcer
• Chances of recovery are good if diagnosed and treated early

Front 29

Malignant melanoma

Back 29

• Skin cancer that arises from melanocytes; often in a preexisting mole
• Less than 5% of the total skin cancers, but most deadly type
• Treated surgically if caught early
• Metastasizes rapidly; unresponsive to chemotherapy; usually fatal
• 5-14% survival rate

Front 30

ABCD's of diagnosing malignant melanoma

Back 30

• A: stands for asymmetry
• B: stands for border (irregular)
• C: stands for Color changes
• D: stands for Diameter (greater than 6 mm)

Front 31

What is the hair papila?

Back 31

Small nipple at base of the hair bulb that provides nourishment to the hair matrix.

Front 32

Arrector pili

Back 32

Type of smooth muscle, which contracts and causes the hair to "stand on end".

Front 33

What is needed for nerve and muscle cell function?

Back 33

Calcium

Front 34

First-degree burn

Back 34

• Partial thickness burn
• Involves only the epidermis
• marked by redness, slight edema, and pain
• Heals in a few days

Front 35

Sebaceous Glands:

Back 35

Oil-producing gland that is associated with a hair follicle. The oil lubricates and protects the hair.

Front 36

Are keratin fibers found in the dermis?

Back 36

No, it contains collagen and elastic fibers within the connective tissue of the dermis.

Front 37

What is the source of hair production called?

Back 37

The hair matrix

Front 38

Two major layers of the Skin?

Back 38

• Epidermis
• Dermis

Front 39

Strata of the Epidermis (superficial to deep)

Back 39

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

Front 40

Two layers of the dermis?

Back 40

• Papillary (superficial layer)
• Reticular (deep layer accounts for 4/5 of dermis)

Front 41

Hypodermis

Back 41

• a.k.a. subcutaneous tissue
• Consists of loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers
• Contains about one-half of the body's adipose tissue

Front 42

Canaliculi

Back 42

Small canals that connect lacunae to each other and allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes.

Front 43

Location of hyaline cartilage?

Back 43

• Most common cartilage in the body
• Found at the end of long bones (articular cartilage)
• also found in the larynx and trachea

Front 44

Location of fibrocartilage?

Back 44

• Pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks between vertebrae.

Front 45

Location of Elastic Cartilage?

Back 45

• Found in the auricle of the external ear.

Front 46

Location of dense irregular connective tissue?

Back 46

• Dense irregular collagenous found in the dermis of the skin.
• Dense irregular elastic found in human artery.

Front 47

Location of dense regular connective tissue?

Back 47

• Dense regular collagenous found in tendons and ligaments.
• Dense regular elastic found in the ligamentum nuchae.