Ap Language Literary Terms

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Allegory

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Story or poem in which characters,settings, and events stand for other people or events for abstract ideas.

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Alliteration

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Repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together

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Allusion

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Reference to someone or something that is known from history or another type

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Ambiguity

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Deliberately suggesting two or more different,and sometimes conflicting meanings of work

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Analogy

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Comparison made between two things to show how they are alike

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Anaphora

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Repition of a word, phrase,or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row

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Anecdote

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Brief story, told to illistrate a point out an example of something

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Antimetabole

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Repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order

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Ex: "One should eat to live,not live to eat"

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Antithesis

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Balancing words,phrases , or ideas that are strongly contrasted often by means of grammatical structure

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Anthropomorphism

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Attributing human characteristics to an animal or intimate objects

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Aphorism

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Brief cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life or the principal or accepted General truth

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Apostrophe

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Calling out to an imagery dead or absent person or to a place or thing or a personified abstract idea if the character asks for a god or goddess for inspiration is called invocation

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Apposition

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Placing an immediate succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements that latter of which is an explanation, qualification or modification of the first often set off by a colon

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Assonance

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The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different constant sounds especially in the words that are there together

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Asyndeton

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Commas used without conjunction to separate a series of words that synthesizing the parts equally instead of X,Y.... Z the writers uses X,Y,Z... see polysyndeton

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Balance

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Constructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance unbalanced sentences can be to serve a special effect as well

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Chiasmus

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A type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first but with the first part reversed

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Ex:" flowers are lovely, love is a flower like"

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Cliche

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Is a word or phrase often as figure speech was just has become lifeless because of overuse

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Colloquialism

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A word or phrase in everyday use in conversation and informal writing and is inappropriate for formal situations

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Conceit

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(Metaphor) an elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different

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Connotation

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The associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase

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Dialect

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A way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain social group or of a certain geographical area

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Diction

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A speaker's or writer's choice of words

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Didactic

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Form of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a mofel of correct behavior or thinking

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Emotive language

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Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual

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Epigraph

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A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of literary work suggestive of the theme

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Epistrophe

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Device of reptition in which the same expression(single word or phrase) is repeated at the ens of two or more lines,clauses,or sentences

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Opposite of anaphora

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Anastrophe

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Inversion of the usual,normal ,or logical order of parts of a sentence (Purpose is rhythm or emphasis)

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Epithet

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An adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is emphasized

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"Father of our country"

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Euphemism

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The art of substituting a harsh,blunt, or offensive comment for a more politically acceptes or positive one

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Euphony

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A succession of words which are pleasing to the ear.

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Fable

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A very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches practical lesson about how to succeed in life

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Farce

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A type of comedy in which ridiculous and often sterotyped charatcers are involved in silly,far-fetched situations

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Figurative language

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Words which are inaccurate if interpreted literally,but are used to describe

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Simile and metaphors are common

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Flashback

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A scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time

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Folklore

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The trational beliefs, myths,tales,and practices of a people,transmitted orally

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Foreshadowing

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The use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot

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Hubris

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Used in Greek tragedies, refers to excessive pride that usually leads to a heros downfall

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Hyperbole

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A figure a speech that uses incredible exaggeration

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Imagery

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The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions,or ideas

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In medias res

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A story that begins in the middle of things

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Inversion

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The reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase

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Irony

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a discrepancy between appearances and reality

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Juxtaposition

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Poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas,words,or phrases are placed next to one another

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Loose sentence

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On in which the main clause comes first followed by further dependent grammatical units

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Memoir

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An account of the personal experiences of an author

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Metaphor

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A figure a speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like,as,than,or resembles

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Metonymy

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A figure a speech in which a person,place,or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it

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"We requested from the crown support for our ideas" The crown represents the monarch.

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Mood

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An atmosphere created by a writer's diction and details selected

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Motif

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A recurring image,word, phrase, action,idea,object, or situation used throughout the work,unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones or new ideas to the theme

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Neutral language

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Language opposite from emotive language as its literal or even objective in nature

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Onomatopoeia

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The use of words whose sounds echo their sense

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"pop""zap"

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Oxymoron

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A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase

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Parable

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A relatively short story that teaches moral or lesson about how to lead a good life

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Paradox

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A statement that appears self-contradictory but reveals a kind of truth

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Parallel structure

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The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures

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Parody

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A work that makes fun of another word for imitating some aspect of the writer's Style

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Periodic sentence

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That place is the main idea or Central complete thought at the end of the sentence after all introductory elements

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Personification

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A figure of speech in which an object or an animal is given human feelings thoughts or attitudes

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Polysyndeton

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Sentence which uses a conjunction with no commas to separate the items in a series instead of X,Y,and Z polysyndeton results as x and y and z

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Prequel

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A literary dramatic or cinematic work whose narrative takes place before that of a pre-existing work or sequel

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Prologue

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An introduction or preface especially a poem recited to introduce a play

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Prose

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Ordinary speech or writing without metrical structure mean in a paragraph form novels and short stories are referred as to as the prose

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Protagonist

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The central character in the story the one who initiates and drives the action usually the hero or anti-hero in a tragic hero there's always harmanita or tragic flaw in his character which will lead to his downfall

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Pun

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A play on words based on multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things

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Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana

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Rhythm

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The rise and fall of the voice produced by an alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language

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Rhetoric

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The art of effective communication especially persuasive discourse

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Rhetorical question

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A question ask for an effect or not usually require an answer

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Satire

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A type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change

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Simile

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A figure of speech that makes an expression a comparison between two unlike things using the words as like than or resembles

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Slang

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A kind of language of current chiefly in casual and playful speech typically of short-lived and figures of speech are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added races this humor or another effect

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Stereotype

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A fixed idea or conception of a character or an idea which does not allow for an individual often based on religious social or prejudices

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Stream of consciousness

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A style of writing that portrays the inner often chaotic works of a character's mind

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Style

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A distinctive way in which a writer uses language a writer's distinctive use of diction tone and syntax

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Symbol

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A person place or thing or event that has meaning itself and that stands for something more than itself

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Synecdoche

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A figure of speech in which parts represent the whole" if you don't drive properly you will lose your wheels "the wheels represent the entire car

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Theme

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An insight about human life that is revealed in literary work

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Tone

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The attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work the characters in it or the audience revealed through diction figurative language in organization

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Tricolon

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Sentence of three parts of equal importance in length usually three independent clauses

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Understatement

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A statement that says less than what is meant

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Unity

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Unified parts of the writing are related to one central idea or organizing principle Unity is dependent upon coherence

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Vernacular

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The language spoken by the people who live in locality