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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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words with qualities that have no physical existence in themselves but are made real through actions.
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Abstract
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love, happiness, sorrow, anger, pain etc.
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The character attack.
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Ad Hominem
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"You claim that this man is innocent, but you cannot be trusted since you are a criminal as well."
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is similar to metaphor, but is usually more elaborate.
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Allegory
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Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne
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repitition of consonant sound
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Alliteration
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I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit, upon the slitted sheet I sit.
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references to myths, biblical stories, literary works, and historical events.
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Allusion
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The medival phrase "let the cat out the bag" means a big secret was exposed.
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reasoning or arguing from parallel cases
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Analogy
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Happy:Sad:: Humgry:Full
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the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of succesive cluases or verses
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anaphora
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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom it was the age of foolishness.-Charles Dickens
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a brief narrative describing an interesting or amusing event
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anecdote
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Cary Grant is said to have been reluctant to reveal his age to the public, having played the youthful lover for more years than would have been appropriate. One day, while he was sorting out some business with his agent, a telegram arrived from a journalist who was desperate to learn how old the actor was. It read: HOW OLD CARY GRANT? Grant, who happened to open it himself, immediately cabled back: OLD CARY GRANT FINE. HOW YOU?
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a note added to text in order to comment, explain, critize, translate, cite sorces, gloss, or paraphrase
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annotation
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footnotes
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comnbination of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases
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antihesis
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"Listen, young men, to an old man to whom old men were glad to listen when he was young."
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consisley phrased statement of an opinion or general truth
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aphorism
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“What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.”- Nietzsche
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when a speaker or writer breaks off and directs speech to an imaginary person or abstract quality or idea
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apostrophe
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"O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?"
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repitition of vowel sounds
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assonance
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dip it, pop it, twork it, stop it, check on me tonihgt-beyonce
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omission of conjunction between words, phrases, or clauses
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asyndenton
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“Check this out. So you meet this person. Boy, are they fine, kind, sensitive, loving, witty, charming, intelligent…”-Stevie Wonder.
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harsh discord sounds
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cacophony
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finger of birth-strangled babe.
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descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person's apperance or a faced personality.
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caricature
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He walked through the door. I looked at him up and down, but the one thing I just couldn’t get over was his eyes. He had the biggest, round green eyes. They shined and sparkled like an emerald in the sun. They weren’t to light and not to dark…they were perfect.
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slang and informalities in writing
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colloquialism
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“Yea dats me tinted out ridin dirty comin down yo street”- lil scrappy
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the discourse is unified, all the statements being about the same topic, and the statements "stick together" by following one another in a logical way
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coherence
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synonyms (sick and ill, big and large.)
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language that describe specific observable things and places rather than ideas or qualities
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concrete language
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paper, heart, spoon, bug, France, room
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feelings or ideas associated with a word
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connotation
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“Nerd” Real definition- A person who is often highly intelligent but socially rejected because of their obsession with a given subject, usually computers. Connotation- the weirdo of the class you should avoid because his IQ level exceeds his weight
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repetition of constant sounds, but not vowels
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consonance
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lady lounges lazily , dark deep dread crept in
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the method of reasoning wherein a conclusion is derived from comparison of general to particular premise.
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deduction
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All men are mortal (major premise), Socrates is a man (minor premise), It follows that Socrates is mortal.
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dictionary meaning of a word
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denotation
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“Nerd” Connotation- the weirdo of the class you should avoid because his IQ level exceeds his weight. Real definition- A person who is often highly intelligent but socially rejected because of their obsession with a given subject, usually computers.
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a term used to described fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.
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didactic
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the bible
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a general term that includes any set of sentences about a topic: a jargon word that is useful when you want to refer to any sample of writing of speech and don't want to specify a particular kind such as an essay, letter, a short story, or an interview.
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discourse
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The president's state of the union address.
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is when the reader is aware of an inconsistency between a fictional or non-fictional character perception of a situation and the truth of that situation and the truth of that situation
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dramatic irony
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The play Romeo and Juliet. When Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged death-like sleep, he assumes her to be dead and kills himself. Upon awakening to find her dead lover beside her, Juliet kills herself with his knife.
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when the reader is aware of an inconsistincy between a fictional or non-fictio0nal character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situatuion.
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dramatic irony
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The play Romeo and Juliet. When Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged death-like sleep, he assumes her to be dead and kills himself. Upon awakening to find her dead lover beside her, Juliet kills herself with his knife.
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when a writer appeals to the audiance emotion to excite and involve them in the argument.
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emotional appeal
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“I had never felt this feeling before. I could hear my heartbeat in my ears. My stomach felt like it was going to fall out my butt. I had this lump in my throat like after you dry-swallow a big pill. I hated Regina. I hated her!”- Mean Girls
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substitution of an agreeable or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasent
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euphemism
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Paulett- “Is she as pretty as you?”
Elle- “Well, she could use some mascara and some serious highlights, but she not completely unfortunate looking.” -Leagally Blonde |
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soothing pleasent sounds
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euphony
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O star (the fairest one in sight)
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interpeting or discovering the meaning of text
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explication
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"He fumbles at your spirit." By: Emily Dickin
He fumbles at your spirit /As players at the keys /Before they drop full music on; /He stuns you by degrees,/ Prepares your brittle substance /For the ethereal blow,/By fainter hammers, further heard,/Then nearer, then so slow /Your breath has time to straighten,/Your brain to bubble cool, --/Deals one imperial thunderbolt /That scalps your naked soul- This poem is quite romantic, yet tragic and sad. The author is at first very excited about this new love interest, but then realizes that she must prepare for disappointment if it does not work out. |
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removing information from text so that it is easy for the reader to understand
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exposition
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a wedding novel exposition is the significance of a wedding.
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metaphor which is drawn-out beyond the usual word or phrase to extend throughout a stanza, an entire poem, through or across paragraphs, usually by using multiple comparisons between the unlike objects or ideas.
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Extended Metaphor
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The winds were ocean waves, thrashing against the trees' limbs.The gales remained thereafter, only ceasing when the sun went down. Their waves clashed brilliantly with the water beneath, bringing foam and dying leaves to the shore.
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the fallacy of strange bedfellows
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false analogy
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The universe is like an intricate watch. A watch must have been designed by a watchmaker. Therefore, the universe must have been designed by some kind of creator.
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language which goes beyond what is denoted, and has a suggestive effect on the reader.
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figurative language
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pizza is food heaven
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the use of hints of clues to suggest what will happen later in literature.
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Foreshadowing
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in the Pirates of the Caribbean Will Turner said that he would die for Elizabeth Swan and in the third movie he did.
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when a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable.
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Generalization
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-"I loved the hit song, therefore I'll love the album it's on".
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a literary kind; a literary form.
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genre
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comedy, action, drama, tragedy, etc.
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the excessive pride of ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warning of impending doom, eventually causing his or her down fall.
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Hubris
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Julius Caesar
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The term humor is used to refer to anything comical in literature; in terms of characters, it includes their appearance, behavior, and speech. The humorous differs from the witty mainly in that wit applies to speech alone; moreover, humorous language is not artfully phrased, and the amusement it arouses can be unintentional.
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Humor
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Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (1604) Constable Elbow is unintentionally comical because he confuses similar-sounding words (see malapropism ):
ELBOW: I do lean upon justice, sir, and do bring in here before your good honor two notorious benefactors. ANGELO: . . . Are they not malefactors? ELBOW: . . . precise villains they are, that I am sure of, and void of all profanation in the world that good Christians ought to have. |
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an exaggeration for emphasis or for rhetorical effect.
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Hyperbole
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You took forever and a year.
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a rhetorical method for coming to general conclusions through specific examples.
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Induction
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All observed crows are black, therefore all crows are black.
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is a conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
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Inference
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All musicians are smart. John Doe was a musician. John is smart.
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is a verbally abusive attack.
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Invective
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“You listen to me. If you ever so much as blink in her direction again, I can and will bury you so far in the ground that the heat from the earth's core will incinerate your sorry a**!”- Raising Helen
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the variation of the normal word order which puts a modifier or the verb as first in the sentence.
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Inversion
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Yoda talk. (Star Wars)
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a gap between what is said and what is in fact true.
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Irony
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a dead end sign in a cemetery.
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is highly technical language used by specific group.
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Jargon
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Doctors say EKG ( Electrocardiogram), Military trainees say things about ROTC (Reserve Officers’ Training Corps) etc.
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a comparison between two unlike things with out using like or as.
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Metaphor
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All the worlds a stage.
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the rhetorical or metaphorical substitution of a one thing for another based on their association or proximity.
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Metonymy
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Lend me your ear
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the lesson drawn from fictional or non-fictional story.
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Moral
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It’s easy to despise what you can’t get”- The Fox and the Grapes.
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the repetition or variables of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters.
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Motif
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"My father said that the reason for living is getting ready to stay dead."- As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner
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a writer’s attempt to remove him or herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story.
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Objectivity
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Hard hitting news journalism type writing.
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words that make sounds
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Onomatopoeia
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Boom, bang, woosh, click, pop, buzz, etc.
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combination of two contradictory ideas
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Oxymoron
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an organized mess.
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is the speed of a story’s action, dialogue, or narration.
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Pacing
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"action movies" are usually fast paced; when the pacing slows, it symbols that the section is being given special emphasis.
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a short and simple story that points a moral.
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Parable
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The Eagle and the Hawk- share or else.
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a staement that appears to contradict itself
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paradox
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I love eating at McDonald’s but we should boycott it because all the food is just fat in a bun.
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similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
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parallelism
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Lacking parallelism: Corey admires people with integrity and who have character. Parallel: Corey admires people who have integrity and who have character.
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the imitation of either formal or thematic elements of one work in another for humorous purposes
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parody
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Orig.- Camillionaire’s Ridin Dirty, Parody- Weird Al’s White and Nerdy.
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when something other than a human being (often an abstract quality) is treated as a human being
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personification
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smiling moon
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the perspective established by the narrato of a literay work
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point of view
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a character from the text narrates the story; can take form in poems, journals, or letters.
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first person narrator
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I saw the horse, We rode together, My day was fun, etc.
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how the author tries to capture the characters internal
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stream of consciousness
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The mailman is here again. I despise the mailman. He always carries that ridiculous red pouch full to bursting with letters and papers and magazines and whatnot. I never get any letters. I wonder if he can see me… No, he can’t.
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when the narrator uses the third person and knows all the facts of the story which may include past history and future events
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omniscient
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When she said that I was furious but she didn’t care. All she was thinking about was her next way to get revenge.
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when the writer also speaks in the third paerson and tells the story from the point of view of a single major or minor character, "restricting" information to what that character hear, sees, feels, hears, and thinks
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limited omniscient
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La Kiesha met Omar on New Year's Eve in 2002. She went to a party and he opened the door. His Arms! Only a god could have arms that cut and ripped.
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a form of third person, but it “rules out subjective commentary by the author” while still allowing “the omniscient privileges of movement in time and space as well as into and the minds of characters”.
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Objective
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“Fly on the wall” writing
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the style that employs a great many conjunctions (opposite of asyndeton).
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Polysyndeton
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She said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don't know who killed him but he's dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Key and she was all right only she was full of water.-Ernest Hemingway, "After the Storm."
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the fallacy of distraction
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“Red Herring”-
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Two girls are fighting, girl one says look it’s Chris Brown, girl two turns to look, by doing so girl one has an open shot and hits her in the face.
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taking an opponent’s argument to its illogical conclusion.
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Reductio ad Absurdum
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If that’s true, then I’m a monkey’s uncle.
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question that is asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks.
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Rhetorical Question
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Are you kidding me?
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a type of verbal irony
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Sarcasm
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I love eating raw meat, it just taste so fresh!
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is determining time and place in fiction.
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Setting
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beach, cave, house, ant hole, etc.
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is an explicit comparison of two things, usually with the word "as" or "like."
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Simile
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The dew covered grass sparkled like a diamond
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a type of valid argument that states if the first two claims are true, then the conclusion is true.
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Syllogism
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It walks looks a duck, it sound like a duck, therefore it is a duck.
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Substitution of a less inclusive for a more inclusive term to describe something--or the other way around.
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Synecdoche
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My parents bought me a new set of wheels.
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is the way in which linguistic elements are put together to form constituents.
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Syntax
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"His notice sudden is."- A narrow Fell in the Grass.
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is the message that the author is trying to make from the given text.
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Theme
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Have an open mind- “Green Eggs and Ham”
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is a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph
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Transition
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next, later, after, then, etc
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is the series of three members.
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Tricolon
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I came, I saw, I conquered- Julius Caesar
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Figure in which rhetoric deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.
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Understatement
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Event: During the Kuala Lumpur to Perth leg of British Airways Flight 9 on 24 June 1982, volcanic ash causes all four engines of the Boeing 747 aircraft to fail. Although pressed for time as the aircraft rapidly lost altitude, Captain Eric Moody still managed to make an announcement to the passengers. Comment: "Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your Captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress."
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when the text has one topic, with one main idea about the topic, and all the information in the discourse is related to this one idea.
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Unity
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. In a biography or autobiography, the focus on a single life gives unity. A lyric poem achieves unity by the development of a single dominate emotion.
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