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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The site where a muscle attachs to an immovable bone.
A muscle usually covers the bone of origin. |
ORIGIN
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The site where a muscle attachs to a moveable bone.
In the limbs, insertions are usually the most distal attachment. |
INSERTION
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a cord of regular dense fibrous connective tissue
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TENDON
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a flat sheet of regular dense fibrous C. T.
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APONEUROSIS
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muscles primarily responsible for an action.
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Prime movers (agonists)
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perform OPPOSITE action ... around the SAME joint.
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Antagonists
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perform SAME action ... around the SAME joint.
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Synergists
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resist the motion of another muscle(s) and stabilize a joint.
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Fixators
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decreasing the angle between two parts.
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Flexion
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moving ankle so that top of foot swings up/back..
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Dorsiflexion
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movement of the sole downward.
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Plantar Flexion
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increasing the angle between two body parts.
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Extension
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movement of limb away from the midline of the body.
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Abduction
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movement of limb toward the midline of the body.
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Adduction
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circular motion around a joint.
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Circumduction
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turning a bone around its long axis.
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Rotation
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rotating a limb so large digit moves
medially |
medial (inward) rotation
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rotating a limb so large digit moves
laterally |
lateral (outward) rotation
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turning the palm upward.
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Supination
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turning the palm downward.
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Pronation
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turning sole of foot inward or toward the midline.
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Inversion
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turning sole of the foot outward.
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Eversion
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pulling a body part forward.
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Protraction
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pulling a body part backward.
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Retraction
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pulling a body part upward.
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Elevation
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pulling a body part downward.
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Depression
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touching tip of thumb to other fingers on same hand.
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Opposition
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closure of a round opening.
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Sphincter Action
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Orbicularis oculi
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O: frontal bone, maxilla
I: eyelids A: blinking and squinting |
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O=?
I=? A=? |
origin
insertion action |
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Orbicularis oris
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O: maxilla, mandible
I. lips A: closes lips |
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Zygomaticus
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O: zygomatic bone
I: edge of orbicularis oris A: draws angles of mouth upward and backward as in smiling |
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Risorius
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O: angle of mandible
I: skin at angle of mouth A: draws corner of mouth laterally |
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Quadratus labii superioris
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O: orbital area \ maxilla
I: upper lip A: raises upper lip |
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Quadratus labii inferioris
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O: mandible
I: lower lip A: pulls down lower lip |
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Triangularis
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O: lateral aspect of mandible
I: lateral to orbicularis oris A: draws angle of mouth down |
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Depressor anguli oris
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O: lateral aspect of mandible
I: lateral to orbicularis oris A: draws angle of mouth down |
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Mentalis
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O: mandible
I: skin of chin A: protrudes lower lip |
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Buccinator
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O: molar region of mandible and maxilla
I: orbicularis oris A: draws corner of mouth laterally; assists in placing food for chewing |
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Platysma
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O: fascia of chest
I: mandible, muscles around mouth A: pulls lower lip backward and downward, assists in depression of mandible |
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Masseter
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O: zygomatic arch
I: angle and ramus of mandible A: elevates the mandible |
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Temporalis
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O: parietal bone
I: coronoid process of mandible A: closes jaw |
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Digastric
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O: anterior belly from lower margin of mandible
posterior belly from mastoid process of temporal I: conn. tisse loop to hyoid A: elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible |
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Stylohyoid
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O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone A: elevates and retracts hyoid |
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Mylohyoid
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O: inner surface of mandible
I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid + floor of mouth |
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Geniohyoid
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O: inner surface of mandible near midline
I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid bone |
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found in anterior triangle of neck
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Infrahyoid Muscles
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Sternohyoid
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O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone A: depresses hyoid bone |
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Omohyoid
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O: superior border of scapula
I: hyoid bone A: depresses and retracts hyoid bone |
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Sternocleidomastoid
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O: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: flexion of neck, assists inhalation |
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Scalenes
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O: transverse processes of C vertebrae
I: ribs # 1 and 2, anterolaterally A: flexion of neck or elevation |
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Splenius (capitus)
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O: midline of cervical vertebrae
I: mastoid process A: extend neck |
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composed of three columns
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Erector spinae
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Spinalis
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O: inferior edge of group
I: superior edge of group A: extend neck and vertebral column |
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Quadratus lumborum
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O: posterior aspect of pelvic girdle
I: rib # 12 A: extend lower back & fixes ribs from below |
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External intercostals
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0: inferior border of rib
I: superior border rib below A: elevate ribs, increases volume of thorax, inhalation |
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Internal intercostals
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0: superior border of rib
I: inferior border of rib A: 12 ribs, decreases volume of thorax, exhalation |
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Diaphragm
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0: perimeter of inferior edge of bony thorax
I: central tendon of diaphragm A: depresses floor of thorax for inhalation |
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Rectus abdominus
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O: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
I: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process A: flexes vertebral column, |
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External oblique
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O: ribs 5 - 12
I: insert ant. via a broad aponeurosis A: flexes vertebral column |
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Geniohyoid
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O: inner surface of mandible near midline
I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid bone |
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found in anterior triangle of neck
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Infrahyoid Muscles
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Sternohyoid
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O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone A: depresses hyoid bone |
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Omohyoid
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O: superior border of scapula
I: hyoid bone A: depresses and retracts hyoid bone |
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Sternocleidomastoid
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O: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: flexion of neck, assists inhalation |
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Scalenes
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O: transverse processes of C vertebrae
I: ribs # 1 and 2, anterolaterally A: flexion of neck or elevation |
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Splenius (capitus)
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O: midline of cervical vertebrae
I: mastoid process A: extend neck |
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composed of three columns
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Erector spinae
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Spinalis
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O: inferior edge of group
I: superior edge of group A: extend neck and vertebral column |
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Quadratus lumborum
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O: posterior aspect of pelvic girdle
I: rib # 12 A: extend lower back & fixes ribs from below |
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External intercostals
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0: inferior border of rib
I: superior border rib below A: elevate ribs, increases volume of thorax, inhalation |
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Internal intercostals
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0: superior border of rib
I: inferior border of rib A: 12 ribs, decreases volume of thorax, exhalation |
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Diaphragm
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0: perimeter of inferior edge of bony thorax
I: central tendon of diaphragm A: depresses floor of thorax for inhalation |
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Rectus abdominus
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O: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
I: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process A: flexes vertebral column, |
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External oblique
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O: ribs 5 - 12
I: insert ant. via a broad aponeurosis A: flexes vertebral column |
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Coracobrachialis
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O: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial surface of shaft of the humerus A: flexion of whole arm and adduction of whole arm |
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Pectoralis major
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O: clavicle, sternum and ribs
I: greater tubercle of humerus A: flexes arm and adducts arm and rotates arm medially |
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Latissimus dorsi
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O: from midline of lumbar spine via and aponeurosis
I: anterior humerus between the tubercles A: extends arm and adducts arm and rotates arm medially |
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Deltoid
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O: lateral aspect of the pectoral girdle
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus A: abduction of whole arm |
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Teres major
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O: inferior, posterior surface of the scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: extends whole arm and adducts whole arm and rotates whole arm medially |
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Subscapularis
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O: anterior surface of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: rotates whole arm medially |
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Supraspinatus
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O: scapula above the spine
I: greater tubercle of humerus A: weak abduction of whole arm |
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Teres minor
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O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus A: rotates whole arm laterally |
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Infraspinatus
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O: scapula below the spine
I: greater tubercle of humerus A: holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity |
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Triceps brachii
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0: long head; lateral head;
medial head I: olecranon process of ulna A: extends forearm |
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Anconeus
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0: lateral epicondyle
I: olecranon process A: abducts ulna during forearm pronation |
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Biceps brachii
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0: long head; short head
I: radial tuberosity A: flexes forearm and supinates palm |
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Brachioradialis
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0: above lateral epicondyle
I: distal, lateral radius above styloid process A: flexes forearm |
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Brachialis
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0: distal, anterior humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna A: flexes forearm |
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Pronator teres
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0: medial epicondyle
I: lateral aspect of shaft A: pronation of palm |
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Palmaris longus
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0: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis A: flexion at wrist |
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Flexor carpi radialis
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0: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpals # 2 and 3 A: flexion at wrist |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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0: medial epicondyle area of humerus
I: middle phalanges 2 thru 5 A: flexes fingers and elev. wrist |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
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0: medial epicondyle area of humerus
I: pisiform bone and metacarpal # 5 A: powerful wrist flexor |
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Flexor pollicis longus
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0: anterior surface of radius
I: distal phalanx of thumb A: flexes thumb |
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Flexor digitorum profundus
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0: anterior surface of ulna
I: distal phalanges of fingers # 2 thru 5 A: flexes fingers |
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Pronator quadratus
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0: distal, anterior ulna
I: distal, anterior radius A: _______________________ |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus
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0: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpal # 2 A: extends wrist |
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis
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0: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpal # 3 A: ext. and abd. wrist w. ext.carpi radialis |
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Extensor digitorum
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0: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: distal phalanges 2 thru 5 A: extends fingers |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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0: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal # 5 A: extends wrist |
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a. Supinator
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0: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: proximal end of radius A: supinates palm |
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Abductor pollicis longus
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0: posterior surface of radius and ulna
I: base of metacarpal # 1 A: abducts thumb |
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Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
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0: posterior shaft of radius and ulna
I: phalanges of thumb A: abducts & extends thumb |
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Extensor indicis
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0: posterior surface of distal ulna
I: phalanges of finger # 2 A: extends finger # 2 |
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Levator ani
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Levator ani O: lateral, anterior aspect of pelvic outlet
I: midline from coccyx forward A: fights gravity to support pelvic contents |
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Coccygeus
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O: spine of ischium
I: sacrum and coccyx A: fights gravity to support pelvic contents |
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Intermediate
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muscles of the urogenital diaphragm
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External urethral sphincter
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A: constricts opening of urethra
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Superficial
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muscles of the superficial space
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Superficial
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muscles which maintain erection of penis and clitoris
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Iliacus
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O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flexion of whole leg at hip |
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Sartorius
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O: ant superior spine of ilium
I: med aspect of proximal tibia A: flex of whole leg at hip, lat rot of leg at hip,flex at the knee |
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Adductor magnus
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O: ischium, pubis
I: linea aspera of femur A: adducts at hip |
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Adductor longus
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O: pubic crest and symphysis
I: linea aspera A: adducts at hip |
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Gracilis
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O: pubis ramus
I: medial surface of tibia A: adducts at hip, med rotates whole leg, flexes knee |
