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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
also known as a nerve cell
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neuron
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centrally located within the neuron, and contains most of the cell's organelles
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cell body
(C.B.) |
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The granular E.R. of the neuron is found in small aggregates known as ____ and form the neurotransmitters.
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Nissl bodies
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the communication end of an axon
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terminal bulb
(synaptic end bulb) |
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terminal bulbs release a chemical called a ____ which are used to communicate with other cells
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neurotransmitter
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the branched projections of a neuron that receive information from other neural cells, and send impulses towards the cell body
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dendrites
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found at the ends of the dendrites and are sensor devices which can interact with a specific type of stimulus - examples include Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles
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nerve receptors
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the support cells of the nervous tissue, job is to help the neuron somehow, and are not involved w/ synapse
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neuroglial
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Nerve cells can be either ______ or ____ (insulated or not insulated)
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myelinated
unmyelinated |
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the insulating wrapper of a myelinated nerve fiber and found on axon
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myelin sheath
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myelin sheath cells for PNS neurons
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Schwann cells
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myelin sheath cells for CNS neurons
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Oligodendrocytes
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small spaces between the myelin sheath cells which leave a tiny area of the nerve fiber exposed
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nodes of Ranvier
(pronounced: rän-vy-ā' or ron-V-A) |
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in the CNS the cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers tend to come together to form this:
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gray matter
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in the CNS myelinated fibers come together to form this:
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white matter
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surrounding the brain and the spinal cord are membranous tissues known as ______, and have 3 layers
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meninges
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what are the 3 layers of the meninges
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dura mater
arachnoid pia mater |
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dura mater
(location & job) |
outermost fibrous covering of the meninges
attaches to the crista galli and helps hold the brain in place |
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arachnoid
(location & appearance) |
the filamentous central layer of meninges
has a web-like appearance |
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in the subarachnoid space, u will find ______ ______ flowing
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cerebrospinal fluid
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pia mater
1. location 2. appearance 3. point of attachment |
1. innermost layer of meninges
2. very thin and transparent 3. surface of the CNS tissues |
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_____ is referred to as the lower portion of the spinal cord
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cauda equina
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groups of nerve fibers in white matter that transmit info between peripheral structures and the brain
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spinal tracts
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Sensory information transportation is conducted here: ____, which send it to the brain to be analyzed
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ascending spinal tracts
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motor information transportation is conducted here: ____, which carries instructions to the body to perform an action
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descending spinal tracts
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contains the motor fibers leaving the spinal cord
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ventral root
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contains the sensory fibers entering the spinal cord
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dorsal root
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1. contain the cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons near the spinal cord
2. and forms a bulge in the ______ |
1. dorsal root ganglion
2. dorsal root |
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formed by the joining of the ventral and dorsal root
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spinal nerve
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carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the CNS
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afferent nerves
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carry nerve impulses away from the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands
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efferent nerves
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originates from the first few cervical nerves and redistribute to form nerves that primarily serve structures of the head and neck region
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cervical plexus
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nerve from the cervical plexus that goes into the diaphragm to assist with the breathing process
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phrenic nerve
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originates from the lower cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerves, and redistribute to form nerves supplying the arms
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brachial plexus
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lateral nerve of the arm
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radial nerve
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the medial nerve of the arm
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ulnar nerve
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nerve that lies between 2 nerves of the arm
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median nerve
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originates from most of the lumbar spinal nerves and redistributes to form nerves supplying the pelvic region and the anterior portion of the leg
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lumbar plexus
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major nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus and runs down the anterior leg
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femoral nerve
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originates from the lower lumbar spinal nerves and most of the sacral nerves, supply nerves to the pelvic region and the posterior leg
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sacral plexus
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major nerve that originates from the sacral plexus and runs down the posterior leg
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sciatic nerve
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thoracic spinal nerves that do not enter into a nerve plexus and go directly into the body structures to be innervated rather than join with other spinal nerves, found near ribs
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intercostal nerves
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formed by the joining of several spinal nerves, and redistribution into new nerves and go to a specific body area
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nerve plexus
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Name the 4 nerve plexuses
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1. cervical plexus
2. brachial plexus 3. lumbar plexus 4. sacral plexus |
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belong to the autonomic nervous system, and run slightly lateral and parallel to ht spinal column
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sympathetic trunk ganglia
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other nerves of the PNS that originate from the brain and are numbered using Roman numerals
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cranial nerves
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sensory nerve that conducts impulses from the nasal area associated with smell
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olfactory nerve (CN I)
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sensory nerve that transmits impulses associated with vision to the brain
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optic nerve (CN II)
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provides sensory and motor supplies to the organs of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities and carry a majority of the parasympathetic nervous impulses for the autonomic nervous system
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vagus nerve (CN X)
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define reflex
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an automatic, preprogrammed response to a stimulus
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group of structures that involve the reflex
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reflex arc
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detect a particular stimulus, and when stimulated will initiate the reflex
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reflex receptors
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____ neuron transmits the information to the ____ ____ which process the information and send out a response via the ____ neuron
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1. afferent neuron
2. integrating center 3. efferent neuron |
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the efferent neuron signals the ______ for a response activity
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effector
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