Ap Lab Exam 1

Front 1

a compound light microscope canmagnify a specimen how many times?

Back 1

up to 1000x

Front 2

this type of microscope can magnify an image up to 1 million times

Back 2

TEM
transmission electron microscope

Front 3

What is the unique feature about the scanning electron microscope?

Back 3

it shows a magnified 3-d image/surface features only

Front 4

this structure plays an important role in interactions between cells and regulates what substances can enter and leave the cell

Back 4

plasma membrane

Front 5

a linker in a cell membrane contributes to giving the cell/membrane structure and also what

Back 5

link cells together

Front 6

smooth ER is responsible for synthesis of what?

Back 6

Lipids

Front 7

Rough ER is responsible for synthesis of what

Back 7

Ribosomes

Front 8

This is the control center of the cell

Back 8

nucleus

Front 9

this is the powerhouse of every cell - it converts some nutrients into usable forms of energy for the cell.

Back 9

mitochondria

Front 10

the functions of the golgi apparatus are what?

Back 10

sort and modify proteins and then package them to be exported from the cell

Front 11

what part of the cells remove waste and foreign materials from the cell and also help with destroying old cells

Back 11

lysosomes

Front 12

what in a cells have enzymes that destroy harmful waste products of metabolism

Back 12

peroxisomes

Front 13

these organelles that are rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus that function in the cell division

Back 13

centrioles

Front 14

this subunit of a chromosome codes for a specific characteristic each

Back 14

Gene

Front 15

name the 3 units that compose a nucleotide

Back 15

sugar (ribose in RNA, Deoxyribose in DNA)
phosphate
nitrogenous base

Front 16

name the nucleotide pairings in RNA

Back 16

A-U, G-C
adenine - uracil
Guanine - Cytosin

Front 17

name the nucleotide pairings in DNA

Back 17

A-T, G-C
adenine - thymine
Guanine - cytosine

Front 18

phase of mitosis, where the DNA uncoils and each strand accepts matching nucleotides to form 2 new strands

Back 18

interphase

Front 19

phase of mitosis the chromosomes are lined up across the equator or the cell attached to spindle fibers

Back 19

metaphase

Front 20

phase of mitosis the centromere splits and the chromosomes duplicates separate and begine to move toward opposite ends of the cell

Back 20

anaphose

Front 21

define the difference between diffusion and osmosis

Back 21

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion; osmossis, water moves from one area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Front 22

process that allows a substance/particles to move with the concentration gradient by providing a pathway fro the substance to travel across a membrane that it other wise would not be able to cross

Back 22

facilitated diffusion

Front 23

process a substance is pumped (requiring ATP) against the concentration gradient

Back 23

Active transport

Front 24

process that involves the plasma membrane wrapping around relatively large particles to draw them into the cell

Back 24

phagocytosis

Front 25

process involves the membrane surrounding droplets of fluid to draw them into the cell

Back 25

pinocytosis

Front 26

a cell is places in a solution with a higher concentration of particles than the intracellular fluid. This extracellular fluid is then labeled what?

Back 26

hypertonic

Front 27

pH of
coffee

Back 27

4.0

Front 28

pH of
Water

Back 28

5.0

Front 29

pH of
mouthwash

Back 29

4.0

Front 30

pH of
apple juice

Back 30

3.0

Front 31

pH of
bleach

Back 31

10.0

Front 32

pH of
LEMONADE

Back 32

1.0

Front 33

pH of
dish soap

Back 33

7.0

Front 34

pH of
milk

Back 34

7.0

Front 35

pH of
coca-cola

Back 35

2.0

Front 36

what is the basic unit of life?

Back 36

the cell

Front 37

anything that upsets the normal structure of working of the body

Back 37

disease

Front 38

the term for the study of how the body functions

Back 38

physiology

Front 39

levels of organization of the human body

Back 39

chemicals -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> systems -> organism

Front 40

4 structures associated with the skin that together form the integumentary system

Back 40

hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

Front 41

3 types of muscle in our muscular system

Back 41

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Front 42

basic role of the brain in body function

Back 42

directs responses to stimuli

Front 43

complex substances are broken down into simpler compounds

Back 43

catabolic

Front 44

simple compounds are used to manufacture materials needed for growth, function and repair of tissues

Back 44

anabolism

Front 45

what does ATP stand for, what is it's role in the human body

Back 45

Adenosine Triphosphate;
energy currency for the body

Front 46

what is the term used to refer to the was that normal body function maintains a state of internal balance

Back 46

homeostasis

Front 47

the number of electrons gained or lost in chemical reaction is known as the atom's what?

Back 47

valence electrons

Front 48

name the 3 particles in each atom and what each has for an electrical charge

Back 48

proton - positive
neutron - neutral
electrons - negative

Front 49

what determines an element's atomic number

Back 49

number of protons

Front 50

when 2 or more atoms unite based on their valence properties, the new structure is called a ?

Back 50

molecule

Front 51

a specific type of mixture where one substance dissolves in another is called what?

Back 51

solution

Front 52

substance that is dissolved in a solution is called what

Back 52

solute

Front 53

what defines an aqueous solution

Back 53

water is the solvent

Front 54

a mixture in which a substance must be constantly stirred to keep one substance evenly distributed within the surrounding "background material" is called a what?

Back 54

suspension/heterogeneous mixture

Front 55

define how an ionic bond forms between 2 atoms

Back 55

electrons are transferred from one to the other

Front 56

compounds formed by ionic bonds that dissolve by releasing ions into solution are called what?

Back 56

electrolytes

Front 57

a cation has what charge?

Back 57

positive