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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 basic functions of skeletal system |
- support and protection - movement - hemopoiesis - storage of minerals |
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explain support and protection |
provides structural support, allows for our upwards stance, and protects soft, vital organs of the body |
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explain movement |
serves as attachment points and allows body movements |
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explain hemopoiesis |
red bone marrow produces red blood cells and platelets |
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explain storage of minerals |
reserves calcium and phosphate within the makeup of bone |
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types of bone |
- long bone -short bone -flat bone - irregular bone |
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long bone |
greater in length than width ex: arm bones, femur |
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short bones |
length is equal to width ex: carpals, wrist bones, tarsals, ankle bones |
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flat bones |
flat, thin surfaces and may be slightly curved ex: sternum, ribs, skull |
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irregular bone |
complex, various shapes that don't fit into categories ex: vertebrae |
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compact bone |
-makes up 80% of total bone mass -dense and solid -function is for structural support |
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spongy bone |
-makes up 20% of total bone mass -also known as "cancellous" or "trabecular" bone - made up of spongy, bone tissue that is filled with red bone marrow, important for producing blood cells -located internal to compact bone |
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axial skeleton |
-is composed of bones along central axis of body and includes: skill, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
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appendicular skeleton |
-is composed of 126 bones -made up of the pectoral girdle (shoulder) and the pelvic girdle (hips) |
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general structure of long bone |
- epiphysis -diaphysis |
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diaphysis (of long bone) |
- middle portion of long bone between the two epiphysis's - diaphysis is composed of compact bone that surrounds central marrow cavity (contains red or yellow marrow) - contains bone marrow and adipose tissue |
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epiphysis (of long bone) |
-the rounded end of a long bone - there are both proximal & distal epiphysis's -spongy bone is found here |
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Different types of ribs |
- true ribs (1-7) - false ribs (8-10) -floating ribs |
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True ribs (1-7) |
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False ribs (8-10) |
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Floating ribs |
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Different fused bones of sternum |
-manubrium -body -xiphoid process = sternum |
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osteon |
- functional unit of bone - makes up compact bone |
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osteocyte |
- a bone cell |
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lacunae |
- small space containing an osteocyte in bone - small openings in bone tissue |
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lamellae |
- thin, plate like structure found in bone tissue |
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canaliculi |
- microscopic canals between lacunae of bone |
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central canal |
- also known as "Haversian canal" |
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angle |
- a corner ex: inferior angle, superior angle |
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body |
the main portion of a bone ex: such as the diaphysis of long bones like the humerus |
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condyle |
rounded bump or large rounded prominence ex: medial condyle of femur |
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crest |
-moderately raised and therefore prominent border or ridge -usually for muscle attachment ex: iliac crest |
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epicondyle |
-bump near a condyle, often gives the appearance of "bump on bump" -for muscle attachment ex: medial epicondyle of the humerus |
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facet |
-smooth, flat articular surface -forms joints ex: facets of spinal vertebrae (the superior articular facets of cervical vertebrae) |
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fissure |
- long, crack line hole for blood vessels and nerves ex: auricle fissure |
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Foramen |
round hole through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass ex: foramen magnum |
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fossa |
shallow depression (the word suggests "ditch" or "trench" ex: mandibular fossa |
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head |
- rounded projection that forms part of a joint and is separated from the shaft of the same bone by a narrow portion called the neck ex: head of femur |
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line |
similar to crest but is not raised as much ex: superior temporal line |
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margin |
edge of flat bone or flat portion of the edge of a flat area ex: supraorbital margin |
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meatus |
tube like opening or channel extending within a bone ex: external auditory meatus |
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notch |
a "V-like" depression in the margin or edge of a flat area ex: radial notch |
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process |
- a raised area or projection ex: vertebrae has transverse processes and spinous processes |
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ramus |
curved portion of a bone ex: inferior pubic ramus |
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sinus |
cavity within a bone ex: sphenoidal sinuses |
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spine or spinous processes |
- similar to a crest but raised higher - sharp, pointed, slender projection ex: spinous processes of vertebrae |
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sulcus |
- narrow groove, crevice, or furrow - channel like depression ex: sigmoid sulcus |
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trochanter |
- large, blunt bump like projection (larger than a tuberosity, which is larger than a tubercle) ex: greater and less trochanter |
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tuberosity |
- large, rounded projection that may look like a raised bump ex: deltoid tuberosity (of humerus) |
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tubercle |
- small tuberosity that may also be described as a round nodule ex: rib tubercle |
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fused bones of coxae |
3 fused bones: -ilium -ischium -pubis |
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male vs female pelvis |
Male: -pelvic inlet is more narrow Female: -pelvic inlet is wider |
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axis vs atlas |
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cervical spine |
-neck |
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thoracic spine |
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lumbar spine |
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lumbar vertebrae |
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thoracic vertebrae |
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cervical vertebrae |
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atlas |
-C1 - lies between the cranium and the axis vertebrae - atlas lacks a vertebral body, a spinous process, and has no articulating discs |
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axis |
-C2 -most easily distinguished by the 'dens' -allows head to rotate |
