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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve I?
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Olfactory: sense of smell
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve II?
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Optic: vision
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve III?
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Oculomotor: eye movements
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve IV?
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Trochlear: Eye movements
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve V?
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Trigeminal: Motor to muscles of mastication and sensation from the head and neck
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve VI?
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Abducent: eye movements
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve VII?
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Facial: Motor to muscles of facial expression and taste
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve VIII?
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Vestibulocochlear: Sense of hearing and sense of balance
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve IX?
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Glossopharyngeal: Motor to muscles of swallowing and sensory from pharynx and lateral face
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve X?
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Vagus: Motor to vocal muscles: sensory from pharynx, larynx, and lateral face; parasympathetic innervation to the GI tract.
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve XI?
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Accessory: Motor to some muscles of pharynx, larynx, and palatal musculature and some muscles of the neck.
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What function is performed by the cranial nerve XII?
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Hypoglossal: motor to most tongue muscles.
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What is the layer covering the heart and its two parts?
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The pericardial sac:
-visceral pericardium -parietal pericardium |
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What are the three layers of the heart wall?
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-epicardium (visceral pericardium)
-myocardium (muscle layer) -endocardium (continuous with endothelium) |
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What type of epithelial cell makes up the three heart wall layers?
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simple squamous
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What valves control blood flow out of atria?
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atrioventricular valves:
Left AV= mitral or biscuspid Right AV= tricuspid |
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What connects the papillary muscles to the valves?
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chordae tendinae
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What does the chordae tendinae connect to the valves?
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pipillary muscles
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What valves function with the aorta and pulmonary arteries?
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-aortic semilunar valve
-pulmonary semilunar valve |
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What are coronary arteries?
What can be problematic with these? |
Once blood leaves the lungs, it returns to heart muscle (giving highest content of oxygen possible) through coronary arteries.
-plaque build-up can cause heart attacks. |
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Are veins or arteries deeper?
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Arteries are deeper.
Ex: carotid artery vs jugular |
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What are lymph nodes for?
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Filter sites that eat up infectious bacteria.
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What three arteries split from the celiac artery?
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-gastric
-hepatic -splenic |
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What are the locations of the portal circulation?
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-hypophyseal
-renal -hepatic |
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What are the three paths the portal system involving capillaries, veins, and arteries?
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vein-capillary-vein
artery-capillary-vein |
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Where does blood mix in the hepatic portal system?
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sinusoids
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What is lymph?
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A milky body fluid that contains lymphocytes, proteins, and fats.
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What are the two main areas of significance in the lymphatic system?
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Right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.
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What is the largest body of lymphoid tissue in humans?
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spleen
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What are the three layers of the eye from outside to inside?
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1) sclera and cornea
2) choroid body and iris 3) retina |
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What is the center (posterior cavity) of the eye known as?
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vitreous chamber
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What muscle can pull back eye to allow for 3rd eyelid to drop down?
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retractor bulbi muscle
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What is the canal of schlem?
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It reabsorbs aqueous fluid from posterior chamber
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What is the pinnae also known as?
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auricle
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Where can you find the osseous and membranous labyrinths?
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In the semicircular canals in the inner ear.
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What fluid fills area in soft tissue cells in the ear?
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endolymph
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What fluid is between the osseous and membranous labyrinths?
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perilymph
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What tube leads from the middle ear to back of throat?
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eustachian tube
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How would you describe extracellular fluid between nervous tissue cells?
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Sparse since cells are so packed together.
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What is branching of neurons called? What are the two types of these?
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cytoplasmic ramifications:
-dendrites -axons |
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What is one way of microscopically viewing only neurons in the spinal cord?
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heavy metal technique: stains only cytoplasm of gray matter
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What are the two layers of the gray matter in the cerebellum?
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-molecular layer
-granular layer |
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Where is the white matter in terms of gray matter?
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-found inside gray matter (beyond granular layer)
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What aren't found in white matter?
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neuronal cell bodies.
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What are the largest neurons in the brain?
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Purkinje cells
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Describe purkinje cells
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Extremely large flask-shaped cell bodies at the junction between the molecular and granular layers.
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What is the epithalamus also known as?
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pineal gland
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What is the "tree of life"?
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Arbor vitae: in cerebellum, gray matter on outside and white matter on inside.
AKA: medullary body |
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What is the criscross section of the optic nerve called?
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Optic chiasma
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What is the hypothalamus?
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A region below the thalamus where the pituitary would attach
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What separates the lateral ventricles?
*May or may not be seen |
septum pellucidum
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What is the purpose of the thalamus?
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It acts as the relay center
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What knobs are involved in vision reflexes in the brainstem?
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Anterior knobs of Corpora quadrigemina
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What knobs are involved in hearing reflexes in the brainstorm?
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Posterior knobs of Corpora quadrigemina.
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What are the four knobs on the brainstem?
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Corpora quadrigemina
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What does the optic nerve connect to in the eye?
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the optic chiasma
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How many rectus muscles are there? Oblique muscles?
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4 rectus, 2 oblique.
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Where do you find the retractor bulbi?
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-At base of eye, surrounding optic nerve.
-Retracts eye into orbit when contracted |
