A&p Introduction, Body Systems, Homeostasis

Front 1

Define Anatomy

Back 1

The STRUCTURE or MORPHOLOGY of our body from our skeletal shape down to the individual shape of a single cell

Front 2

Define Physiology

Back 2

the FUNCTION of our body and its organ systems-the how does it work

Front 3

What are the Sub-Divisions of Anatomy?

Back 3

Gross, Regional, Systemic, Surface, Microscopic, Developmental

Front 4

What are the Sub-Divisions of Physiology?

Back 4

Renal, Neuro, Muscular, Cardiovascular, ETC

Front 5

Is Anatomy & Physiology related? If yes, how so?

Back 5

Yes, Because the functional role of a part DEPENDS on how it is constructed.

Front 6

example of MOVEMENT for characteristic of life

Back 6

change in position of the body or body part; motion of the internal organ

Front 7

example of RESPONSIVENESS for characteristic of life

Back 7

REACTION to a change taking place inside or outside the body

Front 8

example of GROWTH for characteristic of life

Back 8

INCREASE in body size without change in shape

Front 9

example of REPRODUCTION for characteristic of life

Back 9

production of new organisms and new cells

Front 10

example of RESPIRATION for characteristic of life

Back 10

obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)

Front 11

example of DIGESTION for characteristic of life

Back 11

breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used

Front 12

what is the role of ABSORPTION for characteristic of life

Back 12

passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

Front 13

example of CIRCULATION for characteristic of life

Back 13

movement of substances from place to place in body fluids

Front 14

example of ASSIMILATION for characteristic of life

Back 14

changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms

Front 15

example of EXCRETION for characteristic of life

Back 15

removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

Front 16

Define Metabolism

Back 16

The sum total of all the chemical processes occurring in our body

Front 17

Define Catabolism

Back 17

The BREAKDOWN of organic matter usually with the release of energy

Front 18

Define Anabolism

Back 18

the BUILDUP of organic matter usually requiting and input of energy

Front 19

What is necessary for the maintenance of life?

Back 19

Water, Food (nutrients), Oxygen, Heat (Temperature), Pressure

Front 20

Define Homeostasis

Back 20

Homeo=same Stasis=to stay. Living systems maintain a balance, that is an equilibrium. But living systems change constantly. Therefore, our body must MONITOR its systems and ADAPT to a change in a system

Front 21

What are the TWO feedback loops used in the body to alter an environment?

Back 21

1. Positive feedback 2. Negative Feedback

Front 22

Define Positive Feedback

Back 22

Used to increase one type of behavior (not very common). Usually when you cut yourself or in pregnant women release OXYTOCIN in cervix with stretching

Front 23

Define Negative Feedback

Back 23

used to STOP or CHANGE the Frequency of a behavior ***MOST COMMON

Front 24

Why do you shiver?

Back 24

It is your muscles creating friction to create heat

Front 25

The Human Body is _____ of its parts.

Back 25

the sum

Front 26

List the level of parts the human body is built from, starting from smallest to largest.

Back 26

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Macromolecules
4. Organelles
5. Cells
6. Tissue
7. Organs
8. Organ Systems
9. Organism

Front 27

What is the role of skeletal system?

Back 27

To protect and support, for movement, RBC's and Ca+

Front 28

what is the skeletal system composed of?

Back 28

Bones & Joints; Ligaments: Cartilage

Front 29

What is the lymphatic system composed of?

Back 29

Tonsils: Lymph nodes: spleen & thymus

Front 30

What is the function/role of the lymphatic system?

Back 30

It's the BODY DEFENSE system, for drainage and immunity.

Front 31

What is the integumentary system composed of?

Back 31

SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

Front 32

What is the main role of the integumentary system?

Back 32

For protection and defense, regulates body temperature, Vitamin D

Front 33

What is unique about the skin?

Back 33

It allows water in, but not out!

Front 34

Where is internal heat released from?

Back 34

Cardiovascular system

Front 35

What is the cardiovascular system composed of?

Back 35

Heart, blood vessels, and the pathway

Front 36

What is the role of the cardiovascular system?

Back 36

For transport of materials (such as fluids, oxygen): Defense against disease

Front 37

White blood cells can help do what in the body?

Back 37

Fight off infection

Front 38

What is the role/function of the muscular system?

Back 38

For movement and body heat. Works when connected to the bone.

Front 39

What is the muscular system composed of?

Back 39

Muscles, Tendons

Front 40

Which the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

Back 40

Endocrine is SLOW, nervous is FAST control environment.

Front 41

What is the endocrine system composed of?

Back 41

Pituitary Gland: Thyroid gland

Front 42

What is the role/function of the endocrine system?

Back 42

for SLOW chemical control (helps when we have an environmental response): Release of hormones

Front 43

What is the Nervous System composed of?

Back 43

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves (nerves that come out from spinal cord)

Front 44

Main function/role of the nervous system?

Back 44

for FAST nervous control of our body: Interprets changes in body's external and internal environment.

Front 45

What is the respiratory system composed of?

Back 45

Lungs, Trachea, Nose, Larynx

Front 46

What is the role/function of respiratory system?

Back 46

For gas exchange (Carbon dioxide out and Oxygen in), and to produce sound (larynx)

Front 47

The reproductive system is composed of what?

Back 47

Ovaries, Testes (known as gonads)

Front 48

The function of the reproductive system?

Back 48

For producing offspring: Hormone release

Front 49

The Excretory System is composed of

Back 49

Kidneys, Bladder

Front 50

The function of the excretory system?

Back 50

For filtering wastes/eliminating: Maintains body's mineral & electrolyte balance. Absorption or release of water.

Front 51

What is another name for the excretory system?

Back 51

Urinary System

Front 52

Digestive System is composed of

Back 52

Stomach, Intestines

Front 53

Function of the digestive system?

Back 53

for BREAKDOWN and ABSORPTION of food: Eliminates SOLID waste: Water resorption

Front 54

Where does digestive system start and end?

Back 54

Starts at the lips ends at the anus

Front 55

What does the large colon function as?

Back 55

To restore any water left over after 150ml

Front 56

All system have to _____ ______

Back 56

work together

Front 57

what are the connecting systems? What are there roles?

Back 57

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic. Role is the circulation in the body.

Front 58

What systems group for movement of matter? What are there roles?

Back 58

Digestive, Respiratory, and Excretory. There role is to MOVE MATTER.

Front 59

Which systems control of the body?

Back 59

Endocrine and Nervous

Front 60

Which systems provide support and movement?

Back 60

Skeletal and Muscle

Front 61

Which systems provide protection?

Back 61

Integumentary and Lymphatic

Front 62

Which system allows the continuity of species?

Back 62

Reproductive

Front 63

What is the difference between inferior and superior?

Back 63

Superior is above and Inferior is below

Front 64

True or False, Proximal is closest the the midline?

Back 64

True

Front 65

Define Medial

Back 65

Near midline

Front 66

Define Lateral

Back 66

Away from the Midline

Front 67

What is the term front of the human body?

Back 67

Anterior/Ventral

Front 68

What is the anatomical position? Why is it important that you learn this position?

Back 68

The position in which the person is standing erect with feet slightly separated and palms facing anteriorly. Knowing the anatomical position is vital because DIRECTIONAL terms refer to the body as if it is in this position.

Front 69

What type of cut would separate the brain into anterior and posterior parts?

Back 69

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Front 70

Define Distal

Back 70

Away from the attached end of the limb or the origin of the structure.

Front 71

Define Proximal

Back 71

Toward the attached end of the limb or the origin of the structure

Front 72

The role of the dorsal body cavity?

Back 72

protects the fragile nervous system organs

Front 73

The two main components of dorsal body cavity?

Back 73

CRANIAL CAVITY- skull
SPINAL/VERTEBRAL CAVITY- run within the body vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord. Both are continuous with one another

Front 74

The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities is the ____ ____ _____

Back 74

Ventral Body Cavity

Front 75

What are the subdivisions on the ventral body cavity?

Back 75

Thoracic Cavity and Adbominopelvic Cavity

Front 76

What separates the thoracic and abdominal/pelvic cavity?

Back 76

Diaphragm

Front 77

What plane divides the body into superior and anterior portions

Back 77

Transverse

Front 78

True or False the sagittal divides the body into right to left

Back 78

True

Front 79

The cranial cavity is formed by ____ and contains the _____

Back 79

a. bones
b. brain

Front 80

What is formed by the Vertebral cavity and what does it contain?

Back 80

Formed by vertebral columns and contains spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves.

Front 81

The thoracic cavity is also know as the ____ cavity and what does it contain?

Back 81

CHEST

Contains pleural cavity (envelopes the lungs), mediastinum cavity which contains the pericardial cavity (the heart)

Front 82

The heart and lungs are in what cavity?

Back 82

Thoracic

Front 83

The digestive viscera are in what cavity?

Back 83

Abdominal

Front 84

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum are in what Cavity?

Back 84

Pelvic

Front 85

Serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is ____

Back 85

pericardium

Front 86

Pleura is the serous membrane for what body cavity?

Back 86

pleural cavities

Front 87

Where is the mediastinum located in the thoracic cavity?

Back 87

Located in central porition between the thoracic cavity between the lungs, extends from sternum to vertebral column and from neck to diaphragm

Front 88

The mediastinum contains what?

Back 88

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

Front 89

Where is the mediastinum located in the thoracic cavity?

Back 89

Located in central porition between the thoracic cavity between the lungs, extends from sternum to vertebral column and from neck to diaphragm

Front 90

The mediastinum contains what?

Back 90

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

Front 91

Define serous membrane (serosa)

Back 91

The moist double- layered membrane found in closed ventral body cavities

Front 92

What is the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity?

Back 92

peritoneum

Front 93

which body cavity has no protection?

Back 93

abdominal