A&p Ii Week 5 Sense Organs

Front 1

Extensions of the _______ that allow it to monitor what is going on inside and outside the body

Back 1

CNS

Front 2

Sense organs would not function without ______ __________.

Back 2

sensory receptors

Front 3

Process of experiencing pain

Back 3

nociception

Front 4

conversion of the painful stimulus to a nerve impulse

Back 4

transduction

Front 5

amplification or suppression of sensory nerve impulses in the spinal cord

Back 5

modulating

Front 6

cells that detect substances are organized into taste buds

Back 6

gustatory cells

Front 7

found lining the mouth and pharynx, but are mainly concentrated on certain papillae of the tongue

Back 7

taste bud

Front 8

small elevated structures of the tongue

Back 8

papillae

Front 9

make a cat's tongue look rough, do not have taste buds

Back 9

filiform papillae

Front 10

sensory stimuli:

touch, hearing, balance, visceral

Back 10

Mechanical

Front 11

sensory stimuli:

heat/cold

Back 11

Thermal

Front 12

sensory stimuli:

vision

Back 12

Electromagnetic

Front 13

sensory stimuli:

taste

smell

Back 13

Chemical

Front 14

sensory receptors detect what?

Back 14

sensory energy

Front 15

sensory afferent neurons perform what function?

Back 15

carry sensory information to brain and spinal cord

Front 16

sensory centers in CNS perform what function?

Back 16

process sensory input

Front 17

visceral sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 17

hunger, thirst, hollow-organ fullness;

chemical, mechanical

Front 18

touch sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 18

touch and pressure;

mechanical

Front 19

temperature sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 19

heat and cold;

thermal

Front 20

pain sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 20

intense stimuli of any type;

mechanical, chemical, or thermal

Front 21

proprioception sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 21

body position and movement;

mechanical

Front 22

sensation of something being in contact with the surface of the body

Back 22

touch

Front 23

sense of something pressing on the body surface

Back 23

pressure

Front 24

detect upward or downward changes in skin temperature

Back 24

superficial temperature receptors in the skin

Front 25

monitor the temperature of the blood

Back 25

central temperature receptors in the hypothalamus

Front 26

hairs stand on end to increase insulation

Back 26

piloerection

Front 27

are pain receptors present in the brain?

Back 27

no

Front 28

conduction of nerve impulse to the spinal cord

Back 28

transmission

Front 29

delivered to several areas of the brain

Back 29

perception

Front 30

sense that is very important in allowing animal to stand upright and make accurate, purposeful movements

Back 30

proprioception

Front 31

taste sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 31

taste;

chemical

Front 32

smell sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 32

odors;

chemical

Front 33

hearing sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 33

sounds;

mechanical

Front 34

equilibrium sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 34

balance and head position;

mechanical

Front 35

vision sensations sense what? produce what type of stimulus?

Back 35

light;

electromagnetic

Front 36

how many patches of epithelium are located high in both nasal passages?

Back 36

2

Front 37

Most structures of the ear are located in the ______ ______ of the skull.

Back 37

temporal bones

Front 38

________ ear collects sound wave vibrations and directs them to the eardrums

Back 38

external

Front 39

______ ear amplifies and transmits the vibrations

Back 39

middle

Front 40

_______ ear contains the sensory receptors that convert the vibration to a nerve impulse

Back 40

inner

Front 41

part of the ear that consists of elastic cartilage and skin

Back 41

pinna

Front 42

membrane-lined tube of external ear

Back 42

external auditory canal

Front 43

(hammer) attached to the tympanic membrane

Back 43

Malleus

Front 44

Anvil

Back 44

Incus

Front 45

(stirrup) attached to the cochlea

Back 45

stapes

Front 46

tube that connects the ear with the pharynx

Back 46

eustachian tube

Front 47

shell-shaped spiral cavity in the temporal bone

Back 47

cochlea

Front 48

fluid-filled portion that makes up the receptor organ of hearing

Back 48

organ of corti

Front 49

fluid vibration causes the ______ ______ to move

Back 49

cochlear duct

Front 50

function of eustachian tube

Back 50

equalizes air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

Front 51

_________ sense helps maintain balance by keeping track of the position and movements of the head

Back 51

vestibular

Front 52

where is the vestibule located?

Back 52

between the cochlea and semicircular canals

Front 53

what is the vestibule composed of?

Back 53

utricle and saccule

Front 54

hair cells covered by a gelatinous matrix that contains crystals of calcium carbonate

Back 54

otoliths

Front 55

where is the semicircular canal located?

Back 55

opposite the vestibule from the cochlea

Front 56

what does the semicircular canal contain?

Back 56

fluid-filled membranous tubes

Front 57

enlarged area near the utricle end of each semicircular canal

Back 57

ampulla

Front 58

receptor within ampulla

Back 58

crista ampullaris

Front 59

layer of the eye that contains cornea and sclera

Back 59

fibrous layer

Front 60

layer of the eye that contains choroid, iris, and ciliary body

Back 60

middle vascular layer

Front 61

layer of the eye that contains the retina

Back 61

inner nervous layer

Front 62

part of fibrous layer that admits light, contains collagen fibers and no blood vessels, multiple pain receptors, transparency maintained by control of the amount of water

Back 62

cornea

Front 63

white of the eyes

Back 63

sclera

Front 64

junction of the cornea and the sclera

Back 64

limbus

Front 65

part of vascular layer between the sclera and the retina, contains pigment and blood vessels, and in most animals, it forms the tapetum (highly reflective area in the rear of the eyes)

Back 65

choroid

Front 66

pigmented muscular diaphragm in vascular layer of the eyes, controls amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball

Back 66

iris

Front 67

part of vascular layer of eye that lines the back of the eye, contains the sensory receptors for vision, the rods, and cones

Back 67

ciliary body

Front 68

part of nervous layer of the eye that lines the back of the eye and contains photoreceptor cells (neurons with modified dendrites)

Back 68

retina

Front 69

rods: more sensitive to______.

Back 69

light

Front 70

cones: more sensitive to ____&_______.

Back 70

color and detail

Front 71

part of nervous layer of eye-site where nerve fibers on the inside surface of the retina converge and leave the eye to form the optic nerve (blind spot of the eye)

Back 71

optic disc

Front 72

part of nervous layer of the eye that carries visual information to the brain

Back 72

optic nerve

Front 73

compartment of the eye located rostral to the lense, contains clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor

Back 73

aqueous compartment

Front 74

part of the eye located caudual to the lense, filled with gelatinous vitreous humor

Back 74

vitreous compartment

Front 75

contains layers & fibers, elastic and soft, front surface is in contact with aqueous humor, back surface is in contact with vitreous humor, helps focus a clear image on the retina

Back 75

lens

Front 76

ring-shaped structure located behind the iris

Back 76

ciliary body

Front 77

process by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and ditant vision

Back 77

suspensory ligaments

Front 78

relaxation of ciliary muscles causes _____ on suspensory ligaments; flattens the lens

Back 78

tension

Front 79

contraction of ciliary muscles _________ tension on the suspensory ligaments

Back 79

releases

Front 80

transparent window that allows light to enter the eye

Back 80

cornea

Front 81

regulates amount of light allowed into the eye

Back 81

iris

Front 82

focuses light beam on the retina, shape can be altered by suspensory ligaments

Back 82

lens

Front 83

functions like a mirror to amplify light to aid in dim light vision, *humans and pigs do not have this

Back 83

tapetum

Front 84

what is IOP maintained by?

Back 84

flow of aqueous humor

Front 85

conjunctiva:

________-covers the front of the eye

________-lines the eyelids

________-space between

Back 85

bulbar

palpebral

conjunctival sac

Front 86

eyelids are also known as _________.

Back 86

medial/lateral canthuses

Front 87

openings on each eyelid

Back 87

lacrimal puncta

Front 88

contains lacrimal puncta, lacrimal sac, lacrimal duct

Back 88

lacrimal glands

Front 89

type/# of these muscles in the eye:

________-dorsal, ventral, medial, lateral

________-dorsal and ventral

________-one

Back 89

4 rectus muscles (straight)

2 oblique muscles

retractor bulbi muscle

Front 90

What are the 4 types of sensory stimuli?

Back 90

Mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical

Front 91

touch and pressure is also known as the ________ sense

Back 91

tactile

Front 92

What can activate mechanisms to correct hypothermia or hyperthermia?

Back 92

CNS

Front 93

4 symptoms of heat stroke?

Back 93

weak & confused

unconscious

HR high

temp high

Front 94

How much higher does a temp have to go to be fatal?

Back 94

10 degrees

Front 95

what is vasodilation?

Back 95

where veins dilate/get bigger

Front 96

what is vasoconstriction?

Back 96

where veins constrict/get smaller

Front 97

Name of pain receptors?

Back 97

nociceptors

Front 98

Conversion of painful stimulus to a nerve impulse

Back 98

transduction

Front 99

change in spinal cord can amplify or suppress pain response before sending to the brain

Back 99

modulation

Front 100

term for loss of sensation

Back 100

anesthesia

Front 101

complete loss of sensory perception, accompanied by loss of consciousness

Back 101

general anesthesia

Front 102

exagerated pain response post surgery

Back 102

windup

Front 103

_______in skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint capsulessense movements of limbs, positions of joints, the state of contraction ofmuscles, and the amount of tension being exerted on tendons and ligaments

Back 103

proprioception

Front 104

taste is also known as the _______ sense

Back 104

gustatory

Front 105

smell is also known as the ________ sense

Back 105

olfactory

Front 106

hearing is also known as the _______ sense

Back 106

auditory

Front 107

External ear contains what 3 things

Back 107

pinna

auditory canal

tympanic membrane

Front 108

middle ear contains what 2 things

Back 108

Ossicle

eustachian tubes

Front 109

inner ear contains what? (1 thing)

Back 109

cochlea

Front 110

eqilibrium is what type of sense?

Back 110

mechanical

Front 111

layers of fibers in the eye that are elastic and biconflex, helps focus a clear image on retina

Back 111

lens

Front 112

ring shaped structure behind the iris

Back 112

ciliary body

Front 113

process by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up

Back 113

accommodation

Front 114

What is the 3rd eyelid called?

Back 114

nictitating membrane