A&p Ii - Test 1

Front 1

anchor neurons to capillaries, play a role in chemical exchange

Back 1

astrocytes

Front 2

division of PNS sending impulses from CNS to muscles and glands

Back 2

efferent division

Front 3

division of PNS sending impulses to CNS

Back 3

afferent division

Front 4

line central cavities of brain and spinal cord

Back 4

ependymal cells

Front 5

long process, conducts impulse away from cell body

Back 5

axon

Front 6

macrophage microorganisms in CNS

Back 6

microglia

Front 7

nerve cell body

Back 7

soma

Front 8

ribosomes

Back 8

Nissl bodies

Front 9

usually short, branched extensions; conduct impulse toward cell body

Back 9

dendrite

Front 10

wrap myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in CNS

Back 10

oligodendrocytes

Front 11

wrap myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in PNS

Back 11

Schwann cells

Front 12

neuron structural classification. several dendrites, one axon

Back 12

multipolar

Front 13

neuron structural classification. one dendrite, one axon

Back 13

bipolar

Front 14

neuron structural classification: one continuous process

Back 14

unipolar

Front 15

most abundant ion OUTSIDE a neuron AT REST

Back 15

Na+

Front 16

intensity of a stimulus is coded for by the __________ of the AP

Back 16

frequency

Front 17

the inside of the neuron at rest is more __________ than outside

Back 17

negative

Front 18

the term used for a neuron at rest

Back 18

polarized

Front 19

the term used for when an action potential passes that point

Back 19

depolarization

Front 20

this ion enters the neuron during a nerve impulse

Back 20

Na+

Front 21

time period in which another AP cannot be generated

Back 21

absolute refractory period

Front 22

time period in which another AP may be generated if the stimulus is strong

Back 22

relative refractory period

Front 23

term used for when a neuron is pumping ions after an AP

Back 23

repolarization

Front 24

typical value of a polarized neuron

Back 24

-70 mV

Front 25

typical value of a depolarized neuron

Back 25

+30 mV

Front 26

develops into midbrain

Back 26

mesencephalon

Front 27

develops into pons and cerebellum

Back 27

metencephalon

Front 28

develops into thalamus and hypothalamus

Back 28

diencephalon

Front 29

forms cerebrum

Back 29

telencephalon

Front 30

forms medulla

Back 30

myelencephalon

Front 31

inner membrane, clings to brain

Back 31

pia mater

Front 32

network of capillaries in walls of ventricles

Back 32

choroid plexuses

Front 33

connects nervous and endocrine systems

Back 33

hypothalamus

Front 34

contains nuclei that are reflex centers for regulation of heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, and hiccuping

Back 34

medulla

Front 35

tracts cross over in pyramids

Back 35

medulla

Front 36

contains apneustic and pneumonotaxic centers

Back 36

pons

Front 37

between pia mater and dura mater, and superficial to subarachnoid space

Back 37

arachnoid layer

Front 38

most superficial of meninges, hard and inflexible

Back 38

dura mater

Front 39

function in control of the oblique muscles of the eyeball, directing the lateral muscles of the eyeball, controlling the iris and focusing the lens, and eyelid control

Back 39

motor cranial nerves (III, IV, VI)

Front 40

function in the senses of smell, sight, and hearing and balance

Back 40

sensory cranial nerves (I, II, VIII)

Front 41

proprioceptive input from tongue and motor fibers to tongue

Back 41

hypoglossal (XII)

Front 42

sensory input from pharynx, larynx, and viscera; motor fibers to pharynx and larynx, heart, and smooth muscles of viscera

Back 42

vagus (X)

Front 43

sensory input from tonsils, pharynx, taste; motor fibers for swallowing and salivary gland

Back 43

glossopharyngeal (IX)

Front 44

sensory input from the face and forehead and motor fibers to the jaw muscles

Back 44

trigeminal (V)

Front 45

sensory input from the tip of the tongue and skin behind the ear; motor fibers to face and salivary gland

Back 45

facial (VII)

Front 46

sensory input from soft palate, pharynx, and larynx, and upper trunk and neck; motor fibers to same areas

Back 46

accessory (XI)

Front 47

list the three cranial nerves grouped by function as sensory

Back 47

olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

Front 48

this tract starts at pain and temperature sensors and ends in the cerebrum

Back 48

lateral spinothalamic

Front 49

this tract starts at discriminatory touch, prioprioception, and vibration sensors and ends in the cerebrum

Back 49

lateral corticospinal

Front 50

this tract starts at light touch and pressure sensors and ends in the cerebrum

Back 50

anterior spinothalamic

Front 51

this tract starts at proprioception sensors and ends in the cerebellum

Back 51

anterior and posterior spinocerebellar

Front 52

this tract starts at cerebral motor cortex crosses in pyramids to muscles to control precise movements

Back 52

lateral corticospinal

Front 53

this tract starts at cerebral motor cortex, does not cross in pyramids, crosses in spinal cord to muscles of neck and upper trunk

Back 53

anterior corticospinal

Front 54

this tract starts at red nucleus of the midbrain, crosses in the pyramids to skeletal muscles to maintain posture

Back 54

rubrospinal

Front 55

this tract starts at superior colliculi of midbrain's tectum, crosses in pyramids to head and neck muscles to respond to visual reflex action

Back 55

tectospinal

Front 56

this tract starts at vestibular nucleus of medulla, does not cross in pyramids, to neck and lower trunk muscles to maintain equilibrium

Back 56

vestibulospinal