A&p Ii Final Urinary

Front 1

sequence of urine from the kidney

Back 1

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 2

what does the bowman's capsule contain

Back 2

parietal layer, visceral layer(podocytes), filtration slits

Front 3

what type of epithelium does the urinary bladder contain

Back 3

transitional epithelium

Front 4

when are kidney's stimulated to produce renin

Back 4

granular cells are stimulated to release renin

Front 5

what are the blood vessels of the renal column

Back 5

interlobar artery and interlobar vein

Front 6

what gland is on top of the kidney

Back 6

adrenal

Front 7

what aretery is the boundary of the cortex and the medulla

Back 7

arcuate arteries

Front 8

the glomerulus differs from other capillaries b/c it is drained by...

Back 8

efferent arterioles

Front 9

what is the movement of urine through the ureters dependent on

Back 9

strength/frequency of peristaltic waves controlled by the ureteral smooth muscle that responds to stretching

Front 10

what is the function of fatty tissue surrounding the kidney

Back 10

protection and attachment to the posterior body wall

Front 11

what is the renal corpsucle made of

Back 11

glomerular capsule and glomerulus

Front 12

define nephron

Back 12

structural and functional units of the kidney that consists of the glomerulus and renal tubule

Front 13

function of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Back 13

consists of justaglomerular cell(granular cells) and macula densa cells that play important roles in regulating the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure

Front 14

purpose of glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Back 14

it is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane

Front 15

histology of ureters

Back 15

the ureter wall is trilayered: mucosa(transitional epithelium), muscularis(2 smooth muscle sheets), adventitia(fibrous connective)

Front 16

what is the trigger that initiates micturition

Back 16

visceral afferent impulses activate the micturition center of the dorsolateral pons, this center signals the parasympathetic neurons that stimulate contraction of the detrusor muscle

Front 17

filtration membrane is composed of

Back 17

3 layers: fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, veisceral membrane of the glomerular capsule, intervening basement membrane composed of the fused basal laminae of the other layers

Front 18

what process is done inorder to reabsorb water by the reanal tubules

Back 18

water moves by osmosis into the peritubular capillaries, a process aided by water-filled channels called aquaporins: obligatory water reabsorption

Front 19

what controlls electrolyte reabsorption in the renal tubules

Back 19

aldosterone

Front 20

macula densa cells respond to

Back 20

changes in the NaCl content of filtrate

Front 21

substance not reabsorbed by the PCT

Back 21

creatinine

Front 22

fluid in the bowman's capsule is similar to plasma except...

Back 22

it doesn't contain proteins

Front 23

what inhibits the release of ADH

Back 23

alcohol

Front 24

function of angeostensin II

Back 24

it acts in 5 ways to stabilize systemic blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume

Front 25

what are the 5 ways agneostensin II stabilizes systemic blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume

Back 25

activates smooth muscle of arterioles raising mean arterial blood pressure, stimulates reabsorption of Na, stimulates sypothalamus to release ADH, increses fluid reabsorption, targets the glomerular mesangial cells

Front 26

specific gravity of urine

Back 26

ratio of the mass of urine to the mass of an equal volume of distille water; urine: 1.001-1.035 water:1.0

Front 27

sequence from formation of urine to its elimination

Back 27

kidney--> ureter-->urinary bladder--> urethra

Front 28

type of epithelium of parietal layer of glomerular capsule

Back 28

simple squamous

Front 29

parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Back 29

enlarged smooth muscle cells, secretory granules, macula densa, mesanglial cells

Front 30

tubular reabsorption by active mechanisms involve what kind of gradient

Back 30

active pumping of Na results in a strong electrochemical gradient

Front 31

how much fluid leaves the body daily

Back 31

1.5L

Front 32

discuss fetal kidneys

Back 32

by the 5th week final metanephrons develop and become the adult kidney; fetal kidneys do not work hard until after birth b/c the mother's do the work; kidneys develop in the pelvis; 3 different sets of kidneys develop from the urogenital ridges

Front 33

describe kidney function in older adults

Back 33

kidney function declines with age, the kidneys shrink as the nephrons decrease in size and number, and the tubule cells become less efficient

Front 34

sequence of renal artery branching

Back 34

the renal artery divides into 5 segmental areries--> several interlobar arteries--> arcuate arteries--> cortical radiate arteries

Front 35

what controls reabsorption of water

Back 35

aquaporins

Front 36

what is the pH suppose to be inthe kidney

Back 36

7.4

Front 37

only organ not in a cavity

Back 37

kidney

Front 38

where does net filtratoin pressure come from

Back 38

the aorta

Front 39

sodium reabsorption...

Back 39

uses ATP