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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the monomer form of carbohydrates?
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Monosaccharides
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What is the monomer form of proteins?
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Amino acids
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What is the monomer form of lipids?
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Fatty acids + glycerol
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Why does our body break down polymers to monomers?
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It is the only way they will fit through digestive wall for absorption.
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hydrolysis
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breakdown of a complex molecule by adding water
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hydrolase
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enzyme that assists in hydrolysis
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What are the 5 carbohydrases?
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Maltase
Sucrase Lactase Pancreatic alpha-amylase Salivary amylase |
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What is the source of maltase, sucrase, and lactase?
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Brush border of small intestine
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What are the targets of maltase, sucrase, and lactase?
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Maltose, sucrose, and lactose
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What is the product of maltase, sucrase, and lactase?
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Monosaccharides
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What is the source of salivary amylase?
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Salivary glands
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What is the target of salivary amylase?
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Complex carbohydrates
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What are the products of salivary amylase?
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Disaccharides and trisaccharides
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What is the source of pancreatic alpha-amylase?
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Pancreas
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What is the target of pancreatic alpha-amylase?
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Complex carbohydrates
Note: Same as salivary amylase |
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What are the products of pancreatic alpha-amylase?
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Disaccharides and trisaccharides
Note: Just like salivary amylase |
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What are the 8 proteases?
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Carboxypeptidase (procarboxypeptidase)
Chymotrypsin (chymotrypsinogen) Dipeptidases/peptidase Elastase (proelastase) Enteropeptidase Pepsin (pepsinogen) Rennin Trypsin (trypsinogen) |
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What are 4 proteases that come from the pancreas?
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Carboxypeptidase (procarboxypeptidase)
Chymotrypsin (chymotrypsinogen) Elastase (proelastase) Trypsin (trypsinogen) Tip: CCET |
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What is the proenzyme of carboxypeptidase?
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Procarboxypeptidase
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What is the source of carboxypeptidase?
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Pancreas
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What are the targets of carboxypeptidase?
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Proteins, polypeptides, and amino acids
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What is the product of carboxypeptidase?
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Short-chain peptides
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What is the proenzyme of chymotrypsin?
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Chymotrypsinogen
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What is the source of chymotrypsin?
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Pancreas
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What are the targets of chymotrypsin?
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Proteins and polypeptides
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What is the product of chymotrypsin?
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Short-chain peptides
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What is the source of dipeptidases & peptidases?
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Brush border of small intestine
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What are the targets of dipeptidases & peptidases?
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Dipeptides and tripeptides
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What is the product of dipeptidases & peptidases?
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Amino acids
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What is the proenzyme of elastase?
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Proelastase
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What is the source of elastase?
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Pancreas
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What is the target of elastase?
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Elastin
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What is the product of elastase?
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Short-chain peptides
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What is the source of enteropeptidase?
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Brush border and lumen of small intestine
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What is the target of enteropeptidase?
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Trypsinogen
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What is the product of enteropeptidase?
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Trypsin
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What is the proenzyme of pepsin?
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Pepsinogen
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What is the source of pepsin?
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Chief cells of stomach
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What are the targets of pepsin?
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Proteins and polypeptides
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What is the product of pepsin?
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Short-chain polypeptides
Note: Only protease with product of POLYpeptides |
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What is the source of rennin?
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Stomach
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What is the target of rennin?
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Milk proteins
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What is the product of rennin?
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NONE
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What is the proenzyme of trypsin?
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Trypsinogen
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What is the source of trypsin?
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Pancreas
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What are the targets of trypsin?
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Proteins and polypeptides
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What is the product of trypsin?
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Short-chain peptides
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What are the 2 lipases?
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Lingual lipase and pancreatic lipase
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What is the source of lingual lipase?
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Glands of tongue
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What is the target of lingual lipase?
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Triglycerides
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What is the product of lingual lipase?
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Fatty acids and monoglycerides
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What is the source of pancreatic lipase?
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Pancreas
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What is the target of pancreatic lipase?
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Triglycerides
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What is the product of pancreatic lipase?
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Fatty acids and monoglycerides
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What is the source of nucleases?
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Pancreas
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What is the target of nucleases?
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Nucleic acids
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What is the product of nucleases?
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Nitrogenous bases and simple sugars
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What enzyme targets trypsinogen?
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Enteropeptidase
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What enzyme targets milk proteins?
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Rennin
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What are the only enzymes whose product is amino acids?
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Dipeptidases and peptidases
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What are the 2 enzymes whose product are fatty acids and monoglycerides?
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Lingual lipase and pancreatic lipase
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Which enzymes have the source of the brush border of the small intestine?
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Dipeptidase and peptidase
Enteropeptidase |
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cellulose
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A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants
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coenyzme
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a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes
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What is the function of bile salts?
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Breaks down lipids into small droplets (emulsification)
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emulsification
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the process of breaking down a lipid into small droplets
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micelle
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small droplet of fat surrounded by bile salts
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chylomicron
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triglyceride surrounded by proteins that is the outcome of lipid digestion; enters lacteal via exocytosis
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Once chylomicrons are in blood, what are they called?
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Lipoproteins
Note: HDL and LDL measure cholesterol |
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What happens to monosaccharides when they go into the blood?
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They change into glucose and are used for ATP.
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What activates pepsinogen?
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HCl
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Which enzyme is only produced in the stomachs of newborn infants?
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Rennin
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Sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose into ...
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glucose + fructose
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Maltase hydrolyzes maltose into ...
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glucose + glucose
Tip: M&M |
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Lactase hydrolyzes lactose into ...
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glucose + galactose
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Proteases that come from the pancreas target what?
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Proteins and polypeptides
[Carboxypeptidase targets amino acids.] |
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Proteases that come from the pancreas have what as a product?
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Short-chain peptides
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