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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood ejected by the left (or right) _____ into the aorta (or pulmonary trunk)
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ventricle
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Cardiac Output is calculated as: CO (mL/min)= ____ ____ (mL/beat) x ___ ___ (beats/min)
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stroke volume (SV)
heart rate (HR) |
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____ ____ is the ratio between a person's maximum cardiac output and his or her output at rest
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Cardiac reserve
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Stroke volume is related to _____, ______, and _____
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preload (stretch on heart because it contracts), contractibility (forcefulness of contraction), and afterload (pressure that must be exceeded before ventricular ejection can begin)
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According to the ____ ____ law of the heart, a greater preload (stretch) on cardiac muscle fibers just before they contract increases their force of contraction until the stretching becomes excessive
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Frank Starling
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Nervous control of the cardiovascular system stems from the cardiovascular center in the ___ ____
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medulla oblongata
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______ impulses increase heart rate and force of contraction; _______ impulses decrease heart rate
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Sympathetic; parasympathetic
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Heart rate is affected by hormones: _____, ______, and _____
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norepinephrine, epinephrinem thyroid hormones
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Heart rate is affected by ions: ____, ____, and ____
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Na+, K+, Ca2+
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Heart rate is affect by age, gender, physical fitness, and body _____
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temperature
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Sustained exercise increases ___ demand on muscles
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oxygen
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Among the benefits of aerobic exercises are increased _____ ____, decreased ____ _____, ____ control, and increased fibrinolytic activity
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cardiac output; blood pressure, weigh control
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The heart develops from the _______
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mesoderm
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In adult male, strokee volume averages 70 mL/beat and heart rate is about 75 beats/min. What is the average cardiac output?
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CO = 70 mL/beat x 75 beats/min
= 5250 mL/min = 5.25 L/min |
