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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Suture (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: fibrous--suture Structural features: dense fibrous connective tissue Functional classification: synarthrosis--immovable Location examples: sutures of skull |
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Gomphosis (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: fibrous--gomphosis Structural features: periodontal ligament Functional classification: synarthrosis--immovable Location examples: tooth sockets |
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Syndesmosis (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: fibrous--syndesmosis Structural features: dense fibrous connective tissue Functional classification: amphiarthrosis--slightly movable Location examples: tibiofibular joint |
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Synchondrosis (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: cartilaginous--synchondrosis Structural features: hyaline cartilage Functional classification: synarthosis--immovable Location examples: epiphyseal plates |
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Symphysis (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: cartilaginous--symphysis Structural features: fibrocartilage Functional classification: amphiarthosis--slightly movable Location examples: pubic symphysis; intervertebral discs |
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Ball-and-socket (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--ball-and-socket Structural features: smooth, hemispherical head fits within a cup-like socket. all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional classification: diarthosis--movement in all planes Location example: hip, shoulder
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Hinge (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--hinge Structural features: one bone with concave surface fits into convex depression in other bone. all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional classification: diarthosis--flexion and extension Location examples: elbow, knee, interphalangeal |
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Condylar (ellipsoid) (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--condylar/ellipsoid Structural features: oval convex bone fits into a complementary depression. all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional classification: diarthosis--flexion, extension, abduction, adduction Location examples: radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal |
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Pivot (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--pivot Structural features: one bone has a projection that is held in place by a ring-like ligament. all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional classification: diarthrosis--rotation Location examples: radioulnar at elbow, dens at atlas |
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Saddle (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--saddle Structural features: both bones are shaped like a saddle. all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional classification: diarthosis--variety of movements, mainly in two planes Location examples: base of thumb with trapezium |
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Plane (gliding) (name structural classification, structural features, functional classification, location examples) |
Structural classification: synovial--plane (gliding) Structural features: all synovial joints contain articular cartilage, a joint capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane), and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Functional clavity |
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Name & define the 3 types of fibrous joints |
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis. Bones are joined by penetrating collagen fibers |
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Name the 2 types of cartilaginous joints |
synchondrosis, symphysis |
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Name the 6 types of synovial joints |
ball-and-socket, hinge, condylar (ellipsoid), pivot, saddle, plane (gliding) |
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Define arthrology |
study of joint structure, function, dysfunction |
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Define kinesiology |
Study of musculoskeletal movement |
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Name & define the 3 kinds of sutures |
Serrate suture: interlocking wavy lines (coronal, sagittal, lambdoid) Lap suture: overlocking beveled edges (squamous) Plane suture: straight (palatine) |
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Define and give an example of a syndesmoses |
Amphiarthrotic fibrous joint in which 2 bones are joined by longer collagen fibers than suture or gomphosis. E.g, interosseous membrane between radius and ulna |
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Define and give an example of bony joints |
Also called synostosis. Either a fibrous or cartilaginous joint undergoes ossification, effectively turning two bones into one. E.g, mandible and frontal bones. |
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Explain how an articular disc relates to a synovial joint |
In some synovial joints, fibrocartilage grows inward from the joint capsule. The articular disc forms a pads between bones that crosses the entire joint capsule. E.g., temporomandibular, distal radioulnar, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular |
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Explain how a meniscus relates to a synovial joint |
In the knee, 2 fibrocartilages extend inward from the left and right but do not entirely cross the joint capsule |
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Define tendon |
Strip or sheet of tough collagenous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
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Define bursa |
Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid between muscles, between bone and tendon, or between muscle and skin |
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Define tendon sheath |
Elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around tendon (hands and feet) |
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Name the two kinds of mutually exclusive mechanical advantage conferred by a level |
1) More force (crow bar: effort > resistance) 2) More speed or distance (rowing: effort < resistance)
MA = effort length / resistance length |
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Give an example of the 3 kinds of levers + mneumonic |
First class: see-saw (atlanto-occipital joint) Second class: wheelbarrow (resistance is between fulcrum and effort. e.g., seated and lifting knee) Third class: oar (effort is between resistance and fulcrum. Most joints of the body)
"Levers don't give you a FRE lunch" (fulcrum in the middle, resistance in the middle, effort in the middle) |
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Explain the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis |
Osteoarthritis: most common. results from normal wear and tear. Accompanied by crepitus and bone spurs. Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune. Ankylosis: solidly fused, immobile joint. |
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Other names for the shoulder & what articulates with what |
Glenohumeral joint, humeroscapular joint. Head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula |
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Define glenoid labrum |
fibrocartilage ring that deepens into glenoid cavity of humeroscapular joint |
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Name and locate 4 major tendons that support the shoulder |
Biceps brachii tendon (long head) --> anterior, top
Moving clockwise: SITS (subscapularis, teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus) --> 4 rotator cuff muscles correspond to 4 the 4 rotator cuff tendons |
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Name and locate 5 major ligaments that support the shoulder |
Superior --> inferior
Coraco-humeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament Gleno-humeral ligaments (3) |
