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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does the autonomic nervous system innervate?
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Glands, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle
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Differences between autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system?
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Somatic= innervates skeletal muscle
Autonomic=innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands SNS has one lower motor neuron ANS has two lower motor neurons |
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Where are the cell bodies of the two lower motor neurons of the ANS located?
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First cell body in lateral gray horn, second in ganglion outside spinal cord.
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Iss the ANS sensory or motor?
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Motor
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PAthway of efferent ANS:
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First cell body in lateral gray horn, axon in ventral root, second cell body in ganglion, axon forms nerve, goes to effector (smooth or cardiac muscle or glands)
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What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
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Parasympathetic and sympathetic
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What is meant by "dual innervation?"
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Two systems supply one organ (both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
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Which part of the brain controls ANS?
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The hypothalamus
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Where does the sympathetic nervous system start in the spinal cord?
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T1-L2 (thoracic to lumbar)
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Where does the parasympathetic nervous system start in the spinal cord?
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Cranial nerves in the brain (brain stem) and pelvic nerves (Sacral region)
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Where are the ganglia of the SNS located? PSNS?
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Sympathetic trunk
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What are the neurotransmitters used by both SNS and PSNS?
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Adrenaline/epinephrine and acetylcholine
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Do sympathetic impulses exit out of cervical spinal cord? What about brain stem or sacral spinal cord?
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No, no, and no.
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Is the preganglionic neuron of the SNS short or long? The postganglionic neuron?
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Short and long
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Preganglionic an postganglionic neurons of Parasympathetic nervous system short or long?
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Long and short
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Which cranial nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
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Terminal ganglion
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ganglion located right next to the end organ (in parasympathetic)
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What is the pathway for sympathetic nervous system?
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Short preganglionic neuron--> Ganglion--> Long postganglionic neuron--> end organ
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Where is acetylcholine released in symp nervous system, and what is the first neuron called that releases it?
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Released at sympathetic trunk, first neuron that releases it called cholinergic.
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Where is norepinephrine released in symp nervous system, and what is the second neuron called that releases it?
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Released at end organ, neuron called adrenergic.
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What is receptor for acetylcholine at synapse in sympathetic nervous system?
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Nicotinic
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What is receptor for Norepinephrine in sympathetic nervous system?
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Alpha or beta receptor
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What causes adrenaline release in blood?
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Preganglionic neurons stimulate adrenal medullae and release adrenaline into blood.
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Pathway in parasympathetic nervous system?
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lone preganglionic neuron--> ganglion--> short post ganglionic neuron--> end organ
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Where is acetylcholine released in parasympathetic nervous system?
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At terminal ganglion and end organ--first neuron releasing actly called cholinergic, second neuron releasing actyl, also called cholinergic.
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What is the receptor for acetylcholine in parasympathetic nervous system? (first neuron) Receptor for the second neuron that releases acetylcholine?
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Nicotinic receptor/ Muscarinic receptor
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Parasympathetic pathway from brain stem:
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Brain stem--> long preganglionic neuron--> terminal ganglion--> Short postganglionic neuron--> end organ
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Parasympathetic pathway from pelvic region:
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Lateral horn of sacral spinal cord--> Long preganglionic neuron--> Pelvic nerves--> terminal ganglion--> short postganglionic neuron--> end organ
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Which system is referred to as "fight or flight?" Why?
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Sympathetic nervous system--makes body ready for emergencies.
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Which system is referred to as "rest and digest?"
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Parasympathetic---most active when body is relaxed.
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What are examples of autonomic reflexes?
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Pupillary, urinary, defecation
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What is a sympathomietric drug? Parasympathomietric drug?
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One that imitates the sympathetic nervous system/parasympathetic nervous system.
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What is a sympatholytic/parasympatholytic drug?
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Antagonistic to sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
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When would a beta blocker be given?
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To slow heart beat if person has very rapid heart rate.
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What is a beta blocker?
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Drugs that block the receptors of the symp nervous system.
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What effect would sympathetic nervous system have on skin blood vessels? Parasympathetic?
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Constrict them/Dilate them
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