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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population Explosion |
The worlds exponential population growth of the past 200 years |
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Demography |
The study of population statistics E.g. : births, deaths, income, education, disease, etc. |
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Crude Birth Rate |
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society |
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Crude Death Rate |
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society |
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Overpopulation |
When the number of people in an area exceed the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
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Carrying Capacity |
The largest number of people that an environment can support |
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Environmental Degradation |
The harming of the environment E.g. : air population, water, pollution, habitat destruction |
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Ecumene |
An area where people can live E.g. : water, food, flat terrain |
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Underpopulation |
When there are too few people in an area to sufficiently develop its resources and improve its peoples quality of life E.g. some places around the world like Africa |
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Arithmetic Density |
The total number of people divided by the total number of land area |
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Physiology Density |
The total number of people per unit of arable (farmable) land. More helpful than arithmetic density |
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Five population clusters |
1. East Asia 2. South Asia 3. Southeast Asia 4. Western and central Europe 5. Northeastern U.S and Canada |
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Thomas Malthus |
Coined the term "overpopulation" worried that world agricultural production was only growing at a linear rate while world population was growing at an exponential rate |
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Linear Growth |
Growth at a constant rate |
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Exponential Growth |
Growth at an increasingly rapid rate |
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Neo-Malthusian |
Ideas which recommend various population control programs in order to ensure resources for current and future population E.g. : China's "one-child" policy |
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Demographic transition model |
Stage 1= low growth stage 2= high growth stage 3= moderate growth stage 4= low growth A country moves from high birth and death rates through time |
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Infant mortality rate |
The number of babies per 1000 births, who die before their first birthday |
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Total fertility rate |
The average number of babies that an average women delivers during her childbearing years |
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Industrial revolution |
A period (1760-1860) during which predominantly agrarian rural societies in europe and America became industrial and urban |
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Zero population Growth |
When crude birth rates equals crude death rate |
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Population Pyramid |
A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population |
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Population projection |
An estimate of future population growth based on current data trends |
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Dependency Ratio |
The number of people aged 0-14 and 65+ who cannot work and are dependent on the workforce for support |
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Demographic Momentum |
When the population of a country will continue to grow for a number of years- even after the country reaches replacement-level fertility (2 children per woman) |
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Demographic equation |
The population growth rate for the entire world (i.e. global births minus global deaths). Currently about 80-100 million per year |
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Natality rate |
(Same as "crude birth rate") |
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Birth control |
Factors that determine access. -money -education -religion -distance -Gender Gap (status, education) |
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Enfrachisement |
The right to vote (a.k.a suffrage) |
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Dowry |
Money or property that a wifes family gives to her new husband when they marry |
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Dowry death |
Deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by husbands or in-laws in an effort to extort a bigger Dowry |
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Birth incentive |
Incentives that may work -free child care -early kindergarten -maternity/Paternity leave |
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Doubling time |
The number of years that it takes for a country to double it's population |
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Sustainability |
The saving of resources for future generations so that their standards of living will be the same or higher than ours today |
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J-curve |
Places countries on a scale based on their openness and stability |
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Disease Diffusion |
The spread of disease. The world is making HUGE progress on the issue |
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Causes of Population decline |
1.natural hazards and disasters 2. War or political turmoil 3. Economic issues |
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Causes of population increase |
1.Medical advances 2. Quantity and quality of food 3. Ethnic and religious issues 4.economic issues 5.gender issues |
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Migration |
The movement of people |
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Immigrant |
People who move in to a country or region |
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Emigrants |
People who move out of a country or region |
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Net migration |
The number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants |
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Pull factor |
A positive perception about a location that motivates a person to move there |
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Push factor |
A negative perception about a location that motivates a person to move away from there |
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Four push/pull Factors |
1. Economic 2.political 3. Environmental 4. social |
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Human Capital theory of Migration |
Educated workers from poor countries move to rich countries for higher paying jobs. Rich countries gain talented labor. Poor countries gain remittances |
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Refugees |
People who are forced to migrate from their home country for fear of persecution or death |
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Asylum seekers |
Immigrants who are seeking asylum (protection safety) in a new country after escaping their home country for fear of their lives |
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Internally displaced people |
People who have been forced to move within their own countries but do not cross international borders as they flee |
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Voluntary migration |
Permanent migration undertaken by choice E.g. STEM graduates moving to rich countries for better pay |
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Place utility |
The process of increasing the attractiveness of a place in order to attract migrants |
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Intercontinental Migration |
The movement of people across an ocean or continent |
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Distance decay |
The "friction of distance" causes the interaction between two places to decrease as the distance between increases |
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Migration Transition Model |
According to Wilber Zelinsky, migration transition occurs together with demographic transition |
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Acculturation |
The process of adopting the culture of another group |
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Life course Model |
Migration often occurs at certain turning points in peoples lives E.g. College, first job, marriage, having children, retirement, etc. |
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Chain migration |
The social process by which immigrants from one place to a particular city or neighborhood |
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Interregional Migration |
Internal migration from one region to another region within a country |
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Intraregional migration |
Internal migration within a region within a country |
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Rural to urban migration |
A population shift from rural (farming) areas to urban (city) areas |
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Cyclic movement |
Nomadic seasonal human/animal migration that is repeated every year |
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Transhumancs |
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. |
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Intervening obstacles |
Any forces or factors that may limit humans migration |
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Physical environment |
Physical factors that may limit human migration Ex: natural disasters |
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Distance and cost |
Distance and cost factors that may limit human geography |
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Language |
Language and other cultural factors may limit human migration |
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Quota |
Limits that governments put in the number of immigrants they allows into their countries |
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Coyote |
A person who snuggles illegal immigrants |
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Amnesty |
Am official pardon (forgiveness) for breaking the law |
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Remittances |
Transfers of money by a foreign worker to a person in his/her home country |
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Intervening opportunities |
The opposite of an Intervening obstacle |
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Forced migration |
Permanent movement compelled by force. When someone is forced to move from one to another Ex: slavery, native Americans forced off their land and onto reservations |
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Transmigration |
The removal of people from one place and their relocation somewhere else within a country |
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Census |
A detailed counting of the population |
