Ap Human Geography- Unit 2 Test

Front 1

Arithmetic Density

Back 1

The total number of people divided into one area.

Front 2

Physiological Density

Back 2

The number of people per unit of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)

Front 3

Agricultural Density

Back 3

The number of farmers per unit of farmland

Front 4

Carrying Capacity

Back 4

This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, habitat, and other life infastructure.

Front 5

Population Distribution

Back 5

The arrangment of something across the earths surface.

Front 6

Major population concentrations?

Back 6

South East Asia, North Africa and South West Asia (Middle East), South Asia, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Front 7

Doubling Time

Back 7

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Front 8

Population Explosion

Back 8

A sudden increase or burst in the population in either a certain geographical area or world wide.

Front 9

Population Pyramid

Back 9

Population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph.

Front 10

Cohort

Back 10

Population of various age categories in a population pyramid.

Front 11

Baby Boom

Back 11

People born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964

Front 12

Generation X

Back 12

People born in the U.S. between 1965 and 1980

Front 13

Generation Y

Back 13

People born in the U.S. between 1980 and 2001

Front 14

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Back 14

Number of live births per year per 1,000 people

Front 15

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Back 15

Number of deaths per year per 1,000 people

Front 16

Rate of Natural Increase (NIR)

Back 16

The percentage by which a population grows in a year.

Front 17

Total Fertility Rate

Back 17

Average number of children born to woman during her childbearing years.

Front 18

Infant Mortality Rate

Back 18

The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age , compared with the total live births. (High in LDC and low in MDC)

Front 19

Dependency Ratio

Back 19

The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years.

Front 20

Demographic Transition Model

Back 20

The four step model that represents where countries are on transitions from a less developed to more developed country.

Front 21

What are the 4 (5) step transition model stages?

Back 21

1) Low Growth, Low Stationary. 2) High Growth, Early Expanding. 3) Moderate Growth, Late Expanding. 4) Low Growth, Low Stationary. 5) Negative Growth (not officially a stage)

Front 22

Overpopulation

Back 22

Relationship between the number of people on earth, and availability of recources.

Front 23

Underpopulation

Back 23

Refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region's population.

Front 24

Zero Population Growth

Back 24

When the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate equals zero.

Front 25

Thomas Malthus

Back 25

Food production in linear (1,2,3,4...) but human reproduction is geometric (1,2,4...) and we may be outrunning our supplies.

Front 26

Boserup

Back 26

Human growth stimulates agricultural intensification.

Front 27

Karl Marx

Back 27

Lack of food is due to unequal distribution and human growth is not a problem.

Front 28

Cornucopian Theory

Back 28

Earth has an abundance of recources that can never be used up.

Front 29

Neo-Malthusian

Back 29

Takes into accoutant two factors that Malthus did not - population growth in LDC's and outstripping of recources other than food.

Front 30

Immigration

Back 30

Into a region

Front 31

Emigration

Back 31

Out of a region

Front 32

Inter-Continental Movements

Back 32

Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent.

Front 33

Intra-Continental Movements

Back 33

Permanent from one region of a country across there own borders.

Front 34

Inter-Regional Movements

Back 34

Movement within a region, within a country.

Front 35

Push Factors

Back 35

Incentives for people to leave a place.

Front 36

Pull Factors

Back 36

Attractions that draw migrants to one place.

Front 37

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

Back 37

1) Net Migration to a fraction of a gross migration.

2) The majority of migrants move a short distance.

3) Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose bigger cities.

4) Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.

5) Families are less likely to migrate than young adults

Front 38

Voluntary Migration

Back 38

Movement in which people relocate in response to a percieved oppurtunity.

Front 39

Forced Migration

Back 39

People removed from their countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government.

Front 40

Friction of Distance

Back 40

Spatial interactions will tend to take place over shorter distances; quantity of interaction will decline with distance.

Front 41

Distance Decay

Back 41

The diminishing of importance and the eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. The farther away one group is from another, the less likely the twogroups are to interact.

Front 42

Step Migration

Back 42

Migration to a destinition that occurs in stages.

Front 43

Chain Migration

Back 43

Migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends and family to an existing community.

Front 44

Counter (return) Migration

Back 44

Approximately 75% of migrants will eventually return to there original home.

Front 45

Channelized Migration

Back 45

Repetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or ethnicity.

Front 46

Intervening Oppurtunity

Back 46

The presences of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractivness of sites farther away.

Front 47

Cyclic Movement

Back 47

Movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally.

Front 48

Periodic Movement

Back 48

Movement that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.

Front 49

Refugees

Back 49

People that leave there homes because they are either forced out or enslaved.

Front 50

Most Refugees-

Back 50

1) Move without any tangible property than what they can carry.

2) Make their first steps on foot, wagon, bicycle, or boat.

3) Move without the official documents that accompany channeled migration.

a) Internal: Displaced within their own country.

b) International: Crossed an international boundary during dislocation seeking asylum in a different country.

Front 51

Population Policies

Back 51

Expansive, Restrictive, and Eugenic

Front 52

Expansive

Back 52

Encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.

Front 53

Restricitve

Back 53

Reduce the rate of natural increase (family planning).

Front 54

Eugenic

Back 54

Favor one racial sector of others.