Ap Human Geography Chapter 3 Vocab

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remittances

Back 1

money migrants send back to family and friends back in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries

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cyclic movement

Back 2

Movement -for example nomadic migration- that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

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activity spaces

Back 3

the space within which daily activity occurs

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nomadism

Back 4

Movement along a definite set of plans- often cyclic movement

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Periodic Movement

Back 5

Movement, for example college attendance or military service, that involves temporary recurrent relocation

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Migrant labor

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a common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the U.S. and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and became immigrants in many instances

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Transhumance

Back 7

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures

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Military Service

Back 8

Common form of periodic movement involving as many as 10 million U.S. citizens in a given year including personnel and their families, who are moved to locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years

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Migration

Back 9

A change in residence intended to be permanent

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Internal Migration

Back 10

Human movement within a nation state, such as the ongoing westward and southward movements in the U.S.

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International migration

Back 11

Human movement involving movement across international borders

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forced migration

Back 12

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate

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Voluntary migration

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migration in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move

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laws of migration

Back 14

Developed by British demographer Ernst Raven stein, five laws that predict the flow of migration

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gravity model

Back 15

A mathematical prediction of the interaction between a function of the population size of the respective places and the distance between them

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push factors

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conditions and perceptions that help the migrant to decide to leave a place

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pull factors

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circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places- the decision of where to move

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distance decay

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the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

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step migration

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Migration to a distant destination that occurs in steps, for example from farm to nearby village and later to town and city

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intervening opportunity

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The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

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Kinship links

Back 21

types of push and pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success

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Chain migration

Back 22

Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links

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Immigration wave

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phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination

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explorers

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a person examining a region that is unknown to them

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colonization

Back 25

physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own gov't in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land

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Islands of development

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Places built up by a gov't or cooperation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentration of paying jobs and infrastructure

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Guest worker

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legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term

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refugees

Back 28

people who have fled their own country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country

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Internal refugee

Back 29

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee

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international refugees

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refugees who have crossed one or more international boundaries their dislocation, searching asylum in a different country

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asylum

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shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state

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immigration laws

Back 32

laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state

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quotas

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Established limits by gov'ts on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year

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Selective immigration

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Process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating