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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human Geography |
The social science that studies the world, its people, communities, and cultures |
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Globalization |
The Process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations |
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Physical Geography |
The branch of geography dealing wit natural features and processes |
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Spatial Distribution |
The arrangement of phenomenon across the Earth's surface |
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Medical Geography |
The study of the relation between geographic factors and disease |
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Five Themes of Geography |
1) Location 2) Place 3) Region 4) Interaction 5) Movement |
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Cultural Landscape |
A geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources |
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Sequent Occupance |
The notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place |
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Cartography |
The art of making maps |
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Reference Maps |
The location of geographic areas for which census data are tabulated and disseminated |
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Thematic Maps |
A type of map especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area |
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Absolute Locations |
A location on a Cartesian coordinate grid |
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GPS |
Global Positioning System |
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Geocaching |
Finding a hidden object with GPS coordinates |
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Relative Location |
Describes as a displacement from another site |
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Mental Map |
The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity |
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Activity Spaces |
The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity |
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Generalization |
A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases |
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GIS |
Geographic Information System |
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Scale (Two Definintions) |
1) A graduated range of values 2) The relative size or extent of something |
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Resacale |
To alter the scale of something |
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NAFTA |
Regional Trade Agreement between the USA, Canada, and Mexico |
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Formal Region |
A region delineated on the basis of one or more identifiable trait |
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Functional Region |
A region that has a defines core that retains a specific characteristic |
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Perceptual Region |
An area defined by subjective perceptions that reflect the feelings & images about key place characteristics. When these perceptions come from the local, ordinary folk, a perceptual region can be called a vernacular region. |
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Cultural Trait |
Any trait of human activity acquired in social life and transmitted by communication. |
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Cultural Hearth |
any place where certain related changes in land-use appeared due to human domestication of plants and animals |
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Culture Complex |
a group of culture traits all interrelated and dominated by one essential trait |
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Culture Diffusion |
the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc.—between individuals |
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Distance Decay |
the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions |
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Cultural Barriers |
Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certian innovations; ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture. |
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Contagious Diffusion |
The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person. |
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Hierarchical Diffusion |
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
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Expansion Diffusion |
The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. |
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Stimulus Diffusion |
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
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Relocation Diffusion |
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
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Environmental Determinism |
The belief that the physical environment sets limits on human social development |
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Isotherms |
Lines on weather maps which represent patterns of pressure and temprature |
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Cultural Ecology |
the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments |
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Political Ecology |
The study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes |
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TFR |
Temporary Flight Restiction |
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Population Density |
The density of people in one place |
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Artithmetic Population Density |
The total number of people / area of land |
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Physiologic Population Density |
the number of people per unit area of arable land |
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Population Distribution |
the arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also, how the populationof an area is arranged according to variables such as age, race, or sex |
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Dot Maps |
a map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomenon |
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Megapolis |
a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitan areas |
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Census |
an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals. |
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Doubling Time |
the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value |
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Population Explosion |
a sudden large increase in the size of a population |
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CBR |
Crude Birth Rate |
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CDR |
Crude Death Rate |
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Demographic Transtition Model |
the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system |
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Population Compostion |
the demographic makeup of persons within a geographic area |
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Population Pyramids |
The arrangement of both sexes and age in a graph |
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IMR |
Infant Mortality Rate |
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CMR |
Child Mortality Rate |
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Life Expectancy |
How long someone is expected to live |
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Expansive Population Policies |
When the government of a county put policies in place to expand the population |
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Restrictive Population Policies |
When the government restricts the amount of children a family can have |
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Ecumene |
Inhabited land |
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Non-Ecumene |
Uninhabited land |
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Identifying Against |
constructing an identity by first defining the "other" and then by defining ourselves as "not the other" |
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Race |
a categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics. Racial categories are social and political constructions |
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Racism |
the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. |
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Ethnicity |
a socially-defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or national experience |
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Dowry Deaths |
deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry |
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Barrioization |
the dramatic increase to a neighborhood of a different ethnicity that was originally in the neighborhood |
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Dialects |
a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group |
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Isogloss |
a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features |
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Mutual Intelligibilty |
a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without intentional study or special effort |
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Dialect Chains |
a set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related |
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Sound Shift |
slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin |
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Proto-Indo-European |
linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European Language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin Greek and Sanskrit languages |
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Backward Reconstruction |
backward reconstruction The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language |
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Nostratic |
believed to be the root of Proto-Indo-European as well as Kartvelian |
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Language Divergence |
New languages that are formed |
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Language Convergence |
two languages join together into one |
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Renfrew Hypotheisis |
three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, gave rise to three language families: Indo-European, Arabic Languages, and mid-eastern languages |
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Conquest Theory |
Proto-Indo-European west of the horseback of the fertile cresent |
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Dispersal Hypothesis |
Proto-Indo-Europeans were first carried eastward into southwest asia |
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Lingua Franca |
a mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanish, and Arabic |
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Pidgin Landuage |
when parts of two or more languages come together to form a simplified structure and vocabulary |
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Creole Language |
A simple trade language |
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Official Language |
the promoted language of an area |
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Toponym |
the ability to know something about a place by hearing it's name |
