Ap Huge Unit 1

Front 1

Fieldwork

Back 1

the study of geographic phenomena by visiting and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places.

Front 2

Human Geography

Back 2

One of the two major divisions of Geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes.

Front 3

Globalization

Back 3

the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; process transcends state boundaries.

Front 4

Physical Geography

Back 4

One of the two major divisions of systematic geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of Earth's natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography.

Front 5

Spatial

Back 5

pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic.

Front 6

Spatial Distribution

Back 6

physical location of geographic phenomena across space.

Front 7

Pattern

Back 7

he design of spatial distribution.

Front 8

Medical Geography

Back 8

the study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a geographical perspective.

Front 9

Pandemic

Back 9

An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.

Front 10

Epidemic

Back 10

Regional outbreak of a disease.

Front 11

Location

Back 11

the geographical situation of people and things.

Front 12

Human-Environmental Interaction

Back 12

reciprocal relationship between humans and environment.

Front 13

Region

Back 13

an area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon.

Front 14

Place

Back 14

uniqueness of a location.

Front 15

Movement

Back 15

the mobility of people, goods and ideas across the surface of the planet.

Front 16

Distance

Back 16

Measurement of the physical space between two places.

Front 17

Accessibility

Back 17

The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations.

Front 18

Landscape

Back 18

The overall appearance of an area.

Front 19

Cultural Landscape

Back 19

The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the ______ by the activities of various human occupants.

Front 20

Sequent Occupance

Back 20

The notion that succesive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.

Front 21

Cartography

Back 21

The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.

Front 22

Reference Maps

Back 22

Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of _______, typically latitude and longitude.

Front 23

Thematic Maps

Back 23

Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute of the movement of a geographic phenomenon.

Front 24

Absolute Location

Back 24

The position of place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth as expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude

Front 25

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Back 25

Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features.

Front 26

Relative Location

Back 26

The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places.

Front 27

Mental Map

Back 27

Image of picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.

Front 28

Activity Space

Back 28

The space within which daily activity occurs.

Front 29

Generalized Map

Back 29

The simplification of the expression of information or data when presenting this information on a map.

Front 30

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Back 30

A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.

Front 31

Formal Region

Back 31

A type of _______ in which the housing stock predominantly reflects styles of building that are particular to the culture of the people who have inhabited the area.

Front 32

Functional Region

Back 32

A ______ defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it.

Front 33

Perceptual Region

Back 33

A ______ that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity.

Front 34

Culture

Back 34

The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.

Front 35

Cultural Trait

Back 35

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban

Front 36

Cultural Complex

Back 36

A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils.

Front 37

Cultural Hearth

Back 37

Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.

Front 38

Independent Invention

Back 38

The term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other

Front 39

Cultural Diffusion

Back 39

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

Front 40

Time-Distance Decay

Back 40

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.

Front 41

Cultural Barrier

Back 41

Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations; ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture.

Front 42

Expansion Diffusion

Back 42

he spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.

Front 43

Contagious Diffusion

Back 43

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person.

Front 44

Hierarchical Diffusion

Back 44

A form of _____ in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.

Front 45

Stimulus Diffusion

Back 45

A form of _______ in which cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.

Front 46

Relocation Diffusion

Back 46

Sequential ________ process in which the items being ________ are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate new ones.

Front 47

Environmental Determinism

Back 47

The view that the natural ______________ has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development.

Front 48

Isotherm

Back 48

Line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values.

Front 49

Possibilism

Back 49

Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development.

Front 50

Cultural Ecology

Back 50

The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment.

Front 51

Political Ecology

Back 51

An approach to studying nature-society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated.