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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syncretic
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Traditions that borrow from the past and present.
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Assimilation
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The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture (becoming part of the new area).
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Acculturation
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The adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture (usually over 3 generations).
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Cultural Convergence
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The tendency for cultures to become more and more alike as they increasingly share technology and structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communictation.
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Cultural Landscape/ Built Environment
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Modifications to the environment by humans, including built environment and agricultural systems, that reflect aspects of their culture.
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Metes and Bounds Landscapes
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Of English origin, using landmarks such as buildings, tress, etc. and then measured lot spaces from the reference points a system of land surveying east of the APLN. Mtns. Depends on descriptions of land ownership and natural features.
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Long Lot Landscapes
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French origin, System dividing the land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals, to ensure equallity of land variety. Used in Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas.
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Township and Range Pattern Landscapes
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Anglo-American Landscape. Rectangular land division used to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior, estd. by American settlers in the west (Great Plains and midwest)
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Culture Region vs. Cultural Realm
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Region: A formal or functional region within which common cultural characteristics prevail.
Realm: A collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems; a major world area having sufficient distinctiveness to be perceived as set apart from other realms. |
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Cultural Core- Periphery Pattern
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The zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region, away from the central core, the characteristics weaken and disappear.
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Cultural appropriation
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The process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit.
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Neolocalism and Authenticity
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Seeking out regional culture and reinvigorating it into the modern world.
Staying true to customs (when local traits are commercialized, they are compromised and adapted and are not "authentic" e.g., chinese food) |
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Placelessness
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Loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape, so that one place looks like the next.
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Folk vs. Pop Culture
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Folk- Culture trad. practiced bu a small, homogeneous group living in relative isolation.
Pop- Culture found in large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. |
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Enclave vs. Exclave
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Enclave- Minority area WITHIN a majority area.
Exclave- Small minority area SEPERATED from a larger grouping of the minority. |
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Order of organization of language.
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Language family, subfamily, branch, group, language, dialect.
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Lingua Franca
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Language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade w/ each other.
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Pidgin
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A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communication among speakers of two different languages. (ex. Spanglish, Franglish)
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Backward Reconstruction (Deep Reconstruction)
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Technique used to track sound shifts backward to the original language (ex. Hieroglyphics)
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Dialect and Dialect Chain
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A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
Chain- Dialects closer to one another will be more similar. |
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isogloss
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Geographical boundary w/n which a particular linguistic feature occurs.
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Vernacular
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A language or dialect spoken by the common people of the region.
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Ideogram
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The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound, as w/ English.
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Creolized language and Creole
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-A language that results from the mixing of 2 langs, usually native and colonizer's.
-A mixture of French, English, and native langs. |
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Esperanto
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A constructed international language developed in the late 1880's and promoted after WWI to be a universal 2nd lang.
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Indo-European Languages
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Spoken by half the world's people, includes Germanic, romance, and Slavic subfamilies. (French, Spanish, Italian, English, German, russian, Polish, HINDU)
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Proto-Indo-European (Nostratic)
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Hypothesized ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit. May have spread by innovation of agriculture, conquest, or peaceful dispersal.
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Order of religious organization
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Religion, branch, sect
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Autonomous Religion
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A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally.
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Universalizing Religions
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Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism (somewhat). A religion in which the followers acitvely attempt to appeal to all ppl, not just to those of one culture or location.
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3 major branches of Christianity
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Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant
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Difference in Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims.
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Shi'ite- Believe leader should follow blood lines of muhammad, more fundamental sect centered in Iran.
Sunni- Believe in electing the best leader for the ppl, vast majority of Muslims, concentrated in ME, N Africa, and SE asia |
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Sharia Laws
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Harsh Islamic laws which if broken can result in amputation or even death.
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Proselytic Religion
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To try to convert another person to one particular religion.
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Confucianism
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Developed by confucius around 500bc, it's a complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought that has influenced china ever since. No particular house of worship, influence seen more in daily life as a philosophy.
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Shamanism
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Similar to Animism, religion of northern Asia having the belief that the meditation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans.
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Sikhism
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Founded in the Punjab district of India in the 16th century, now has nearly 20 million followers. Belief that the universe as a whole is God, Sikhs worship Gurus and wear a uniform-like costume.
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Shintoism
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Native religion of japan, combining elements of Buddhism w/ local religions (syncretic) , involving worship of spirits.
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Jainism
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Religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life.
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Zoroastrianism
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Religion founded in Iran 3500 yrs ago based on "Good thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds" - has many similarities to more pop religions like Christianity and Islam.
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T(D)aoism
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Religion founded by Lao-Tsu in China and based on his book titled, "Book of the Way" focused on proper political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature. (Ying-Yang)
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Pagan
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Follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.
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Cosmogony
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A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.
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