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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the Italian Renaissance begin?
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Renewed interest in Ancient Roman Literature and Life
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What are the humanities?
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The studies of grammar, rhetoric, history, and poetry in classical text
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Who was the first humanist?
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Francesco Petrarch
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What is classical education?
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The study of ancient writing
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What were the cities in Italy where the Italian Renaissance began?
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Florance, Rome, Venice, Milan, and Naples
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What painter was sponsered by the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France?
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Titian
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How did Humanist's feel about Christianity?
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Felt uneasy about Christianity and their study of humanities
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What famous leader can be considered a humanist?
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Machievelli
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What was Titian's most famous work?
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The Assumption of the Virgin
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What was Machievelli's philosophy?
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Thought a leader must do whatever it takes to stay in power
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Why was Machievelli different from other humanists?
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He had no moral values
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What did Giotto introduce to Italian Renaissance Art?
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Realism
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What did Italian Renaissance art stress?
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Religion
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Who is considered the renaissance man?
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Leonardo Davinci
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What was Davinci's most famous works?
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Last Supper, Mona Lisa
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What was Michelangelo's most famous painting?
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The ceiling of the sistine chapel.
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Who painting the School of Athens in the vatican?
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Raphael
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How did the Northern Renaissance come to be?
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It was spread from Italy, printing press helped
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What was the first successful book of movable type?
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Gutenburg bible, made from Johan Gutenburg
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What was the Scientific Revouloution?
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When people began to question classical belief and did the experiments themselves
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Who wrote Utopia?
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Thomas More
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Who wrote In Praise of Folly?
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Erasmus
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What did In Praise of Folly do?
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It criticized the church in a humorous way.
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What was a broadside?
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An ad of some type with a picture and printed text (humerous)
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Who did Martin Luther think had the religious authority?
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The Bible
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What did Copernicus do?
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Proved Ptolemy's geocentric theory wrong
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What were Sects?
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Mew religious groups that came from Germany and Switzerland in 1520's 30's
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What did Galileo do?
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He proved Copernicus correct with a telescope, everyone could see he was right
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What are indulgences?
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Pardons for sin
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Who sold the indulgences in Germany that was a motive for Luther for reform?
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Johan Tetzel
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How did Martin Luther protest against Tetzel?
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By posting 95 theses on the Wittenburg chuch
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What did the Book of the Courtier talk about?
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How gentlemen and gentlewomen should act in a polite society
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Who are protestants?
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All followers of Luther and reformers
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What was one of the provisions of the Peace of Augsberg?
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German Rulers could pick the religion of his state
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Who wrote the Courtier?
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Baldassare Castiglione
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Most Sects died out except which group?
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Anabaptists
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What is mysticism?
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The practice believed in by monks and nuns that in solitude an individual soul can commune with god
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How did the Medici's become the rulers of Florance, most glorious city in Europe?
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They were wealthy bankers and then became the rulers
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What was the most famous book of the Renaissance?
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The Book of the Courtier
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What did Pope Leo X do?
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Declared Luther a heretic and excommunicated him
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What is Virtu?
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The idea of being well rounded or perfect
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What did Johann Gutenburg do?
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He was the first European to use movable type to print books. He printed the Gutenberg Bible
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What did Charles V do?
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Made Luther go to the Diet of Worms to denounce his ideas
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Who was Charles V?
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The Holy Roman Emperor at the time of Luther
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What is Absenteeism?
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Being assigned a spot to rule over but never being there
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What is simony?
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The selling of church offices
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What is Pluralism?
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Holding more than one office of the church
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What is justification by faith?
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That people can achieve salvation as long as the have faith in god.
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What is Nepotism?
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Giving jobs to friends or relatives
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How many sacraments does Luther think the church should have?
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Only 2, baptism and eurcharist because this is all that the bible has
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What was the Diet of Worms?
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An imperial diet, a meeting of rulers of the empire, in the city of Worms.
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Who protected Luther after the uproar of the Diet of Worms?
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Frederick the Wise (Elector of Saxony)
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What were the Peasant Revolts of 1520's?
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After Luther had protested against Catholics, the Peasant's were inspired to revolt as well
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What does "Whose Religion, His Religion" mean?
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German State in the H.R.E can determine the religion
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What the Peace of Augsberg for?
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Charles V sent his army against Protestent princes in Germany
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What book did John Calvin write that outlined his beliefs?
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The Institutes of the Christian Relgion
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What is predestination?
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The belief that God already knows who is saved and who is damned
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Where did John Calvin become powerful and what did he make the city into?
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Geneva, into a theocracy
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What were the "elect"?
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Those who were predestined for salvation
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What is a theocracy?
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A government ruled by a clergy claiming God's authority
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Who was Henry VIII?
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King of England
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Who was Henry VIII's wife and why did he want to divorce her?
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Catherine of Aragon, because she had not produced a male heir
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What was the Council of Trent?
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Church leaders who defined the Catholic religious doctrine
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Who established the Index of Prohibited Books?
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Pope Paul IV
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Who brought back the medieval inquisition?
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Pope Paul III
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Who founded the Jesuits?
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Ignatius of Loyola
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What book did Ignatius of Loyola write?
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Spiritual Exercises
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How did the Jesuits believe they would be saved?
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Self-discipline and good deeds
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