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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where was Henry the Navigator from?
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A Portuguese Royal family
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Who founded a school that trained navigators?
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Henry the Navigator
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What did Henry the Navigator want to do in terms of exploration?
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Wanted to open up trade routes with Africa and Asia
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What were some social factors that called for exploration?
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Overcrowding of land, thought they could get rich quick, religious persecution
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What were some political factors that called for exploration?
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Dynastic governments w/a lot of money supported colonization
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What were some technological factors that helped exploration?
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Mapmaking, compass, astrolabe, new ships
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Which direction did the center of European trade shift?
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Northwest from Constantinople to England
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What was the commercial revoloution?
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Period from 1400 to 1750 when there were major changes in the European economy
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Who were the Fuggers?
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A banking family guild
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What is inflation?
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When prices go up due to raising demand for food, tariffs, money being "debasing" currency
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How did Mechantilism develop?
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When kings tried to increase exports while decreasing imports
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What are subsides?
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Grants of money given by the government to build new ships or industries
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What is a joint stock company?
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A company that sell share of the company to investor in a way to raise money
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What are Tarrifs?
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Import taxes on foreign goods
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What are Internal Tariffs?
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Taxing of goods coming in and out of a city
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What is a favorable balance of trade?
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When there were more exports than imports
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What was a guild system?
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When there was only one group of people who made a certain product and therefore got rich
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What did Merchantalists think of a guild system?
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It was frowned upon
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What is a Domestic System?
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Method of production in which work is done in homes rather than in a shop or factory.
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What did the Navigation Act of 1651 say?
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That all imports into England be shipped by English ships or the ships of the country producing the goods
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Who were the Moors/Moriscos?
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They went to Africa after Spain kicked them out from the inquisition
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Who was Charles V?
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King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor
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How did Charles V become king of Spain?
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Through a series of marraiges
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What did Charles V do?
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Stopped the Turks from invading Europe and divided his empire up
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Who was Phillip II?
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Ruler of the Spanish Hapsburgs
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What did Phillip II think of himself as?
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A leader of the protestant reformation
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Who ordered the Spanish inquisition?
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Phillip II
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Why did Phillip II eventually become very poor?
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He got in too many wars defending Catholicism and Spain
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What cause the Dutch revolt against the Spanish?
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Phillip II harsh treatment, persecuted Calvinists, taxed them to finance the Spanish Wars
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What did William the Silent (of orange) do?
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Led the revolt of the northern provinces against the Spaniards using Guerilla Warfare
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What was the Dutch East India Company?
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A combination of previous trading companies into one powerful trading company.
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What did the gov give the Dutch East India company?
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The right carry out trading between the Netherlands, Africa, and the East Indies
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Who was jealous of the Dutch East India Company?
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Spain
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What was so important about the Bank of Amsterdam?
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It was the center of Europe, it exchanged any currency for an equal value of florins
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Why was dutch in the 17th century so great?
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Bank of Amsterdam, 10,000 trade ships dominated trade, especially in east, was a republic, tolerance for many religions, baroque art, microscope
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What did Queen Elizabeth I do?
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Made England protestant by having people pay a fee for attending Angelican church
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Who was Mary Queen of Scots an heir of?
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Queen Elizabeth I
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What was the result of the Spanish Armada?
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It failed, because there was a terrible storm and only 50 ships made it back
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What was the Act of Supremacy?
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When Henry VIII went to parliament in 1534 and commissioned that king has power over church
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What were Huguenots?
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French Calvinists
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What did Henry IV of Navarre do to abolish tax farming?
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Chose the Duke of Sully to keep an eye out for the activity.
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Who made the Edict of Nantes?
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Henry IV
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What did Henry IV do that made him a politique?
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He converted to Catholicsm from being a Huguenot because he could not rule as religious minority
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What was Tax farming?
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Selling the right to collect taxes to private individuals
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What did the Edict of Nantes say and what year was it?
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Guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights
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What made someone a politique?
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When they put politics over religion
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What did the Duke of Sully do and what was the result?
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He oversaw the French system of taxation, result: more money in French treasury
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Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
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Chief administer to Louis XIII
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How did Cardinal Richelieu destroy the power of the nobles?
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He destroyed their castles so that they had no good military and hired intendents.
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Who were intendents?
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Middle class local administrator who had no intrest in advancing power of nobles
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How did Cardinal Richelieu deminish any remaining power of the Huguenots?
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He destroyed the Huguenot fortified cities
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