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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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theocracy
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government ruled strictly by religion
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secularization
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the belief that religion and government should be separated
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Zoroastrianism
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the state-sponsored religion of Persia
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Shiism
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the state religion
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Ismail
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founder of the Safavid Empire
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Sunni
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the other sect of Islam
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imams
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the descendants of Ali
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Hidden Imam
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the twelfth imam that disappeared
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Pahlavi
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the "King of Kings" of Iran in the 20th century
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Revolution of 1979
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a revolution that anchored the country in Shiist principles.
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Constitution of 1979
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most important document in the country; written during the last months of Ayatollah Khomeini's life
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
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personified the union of political and religious interests from ancient days
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Muhammad Khatami
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a leader who supported a democratic government
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
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a conservative who endorsed theocracy
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Qom
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a city south of Tehran
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Safavid Empire
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what Iran traces its Shiite identity to
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People of the Book
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monotheistic people who subjected their lives to holy books similar to the Qur'an
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Qajars
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Turkish group who conquered the land and retained Shiism as the official state religion
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constitutional revolution of 1905-09
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merchants and local industrialists, affected by British liberalism, demanded a written constitution from the shah
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Majles
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a strong assembly to balance executive power
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Guardian Council
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clerics that had the power to veto any legislation passed by the Majles
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Reza Shah
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Colonel that carried out a coup d'etat in 1921 and declared himself shah
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Muhammad Reza Shah
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son of Reza Shah
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Tudeh Party
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communist party that was supported by the working class trade unions
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National Front
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party that drew its support from middle class people who emphasized Iranian nationalism
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Muhammad Mosaddeq
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leader of the National Front
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rentier state
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an economy heavily supported by state expenditure, while the state receives rent from other countries
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import substitution industrialization
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encouraging domestic industries to provide products that population needs
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White Revolution
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focused on land reform, with the government buying land from large absentee owners and selling in to small farmers at affordable prices
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Pahlavi Foundation
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patronage system that controlled large companies that fed the pocketbooks of the shah and his supporters
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Resurgence Party
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Muhammad Reza Shah's party that became the only party of Iran
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revolution of rising expectations
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revolutions are most likely to occur when people are doing better than they once were, but some type of setback happens
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Assembly of Religious Experts
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73-man assembly of clerics elected directly by the people
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Cultural Revolution
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aimed to purify the country from not only the Shah's regime, but also from secular values and behaviors, particularly those with western origins
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Ali Khamenei
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successor of Khomeini
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white coup
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Ahmadinejad's bloodless coup of the reformists
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Baha'i
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many shiites believe to to be an unholy offshoot of Islam, and has been a particular object of religious persecution
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"Tehran Spring"
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period of cautious political liberalization, with a loosening of freedom of speech and press, a more open economy, and a friendlier stance towards the outside world
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equality with difference
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policy towards women that is not fair. divorce and custody laws now follow Islamic standards that favor males. Women must wear scarves and long coats in public, and they cannot leave the country without the consent of male relatives
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Supreme Leader
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the representative of the theocracy
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Khordad front
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an alliance between the Iranian Militant Clerics Society and the Islamic Iran Participation Front
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Akbar Hasemi Rafasanhani
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battled against Ahmadinejad in 2005 for president and lost
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Worker's House
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an important interest group for factory workers
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Faqih
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leading Islamic jurist to interpret the meaning of religious documents and Islamic law
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head of state
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Supreme Leader
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head of government
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president
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sharia
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Islamic Law
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Qanun
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a body of statutes made by legislative bodies
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Revolutionary Guards
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an elite military force whose commanders are appointed by the Supreme Leader
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statists
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believe that government should take an active role in controlling the economy
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free-marketers
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want to remove price controls, lower business taxes, encourage private enterprises, and balance the budget
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reformists
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believe that the political system needs significant reform
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conservatives
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uphold the principles of the regime as set up in 1979, with the basis in strict sharia law with a minimum of modern modifications
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economics is for donkeys
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disdaining the importance of economics for policymakers and affirming the superiority of religious, rather than secular leaders
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axis of evil
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Bush's term for Iran
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bazarris
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traditional merchants
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ejtehad
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exercise of independent reasoning in the reinterpretation of Islamic law
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fatva
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binding religious edict issued by a qualified mojtahed
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hojjatoleslam
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"Proof of Islam." clerical rank immediately below ayatollah
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jihad
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holy war
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mojtahed
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one who exercises ejtehad
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mullah
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a low ranking cleric trained in traditional law
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Quran
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holy book of Islam
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religious endowments
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Large, state-affiliated conglomerates run by clerics and their lay allies, mainly set up for philanthropic purposes, which have a firm grip on Iran's economy through their monopolistic and rent-seeking transactions
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Sayyid
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a descendant of the prophet
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Sharia
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the canonical law of Islam
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Shia
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partisans of Ali
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Supreme National Security Council
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organization responsible for Iran's intelligence, military, security, and strategic policies
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ulema
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collective term for religious leaders
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umma
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Islamic community
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