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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Barron v. Baltimore
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(1833)
Issue: Non-Incorporation Doctrine Decision: The Bill of Rights only applied to actions by the federal government, not the states. |
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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(1954)
Issue: De Jure Segregation Decision: The "separate but equal" doctrine as it appolies to public education is unconstitutional; separate schools are inherently unequal. |
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II
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(1955)
Issue: De Jure Segregation Decision: Desegregation plans to be developed by local school boards with oversight by federal district courts; desegregation to proceed with "all deliberate speed." |
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Buckley v. Valeo
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(1976)
Issue: Freedom of Speech Decision: Upheld the limits on individual contributions to political campaigns in federal election provided for in the 1974 amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act, but declared unconstitutional the limits on expenditures as well as limits on what an individual could contribute to his/her own campaign. |
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Clinton v. City of New York
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(1998)
Issue: Article II Decision: Declared the Line-Item Veto Act unconstitutional because it granted the president authority not provided for in the Constitution. such an extension of president power requires a constitutional amendment. |
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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(1857)
Issue: Slavery and Property Rights Decision: African Americans were not citizens of the United States, and Scott had no right to sue; the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional; slaves were property and protected as such under the Constitution. |
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Oregon v. Smith
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(1990)
Issue: Free Excercise Clause Decision: The prohibition against the use of illegal drugs in religious cermonies is not a violation of the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. Religious observance is not a reason for a person not complying with a valid law. |
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Engel v. Vitale
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(1962)
Issue: Establishment Clause Decision: Requiring the recitation of a non-sectarian, government-sponsored prayer in the public school violates the principle of the separation of church and state; ban on prayer in public schools |
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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(1824)
Issue: Commerce clause and Supremacy Clause Decision: The decision expanded the Commerce Clause to include almost any interstate business activity. |
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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(1963)
Issue: Sixth Amendment Decision: The right to counsel is fundamental to a fair trial; the state must provide an attorney to poor defendants charged with a felony; the Sixth Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteeth Amendment. |
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Gitlow v. New York
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(1925)
Issue: Freedom of Speech Decision: The First Amendment freedom of speech protection is incorporated/ applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment; incorporation doctrine. gitlow had advocated for the overthrow of the government |
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Gregg v. Georgia
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(1976)
Issue: Eight Amendment Decision: Upheld the death sentence of a person convicted of a double murder, pointing out that capital punishment per se is not unconstitutional. |
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Griswold v. Connecticut
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(1965)
Issue: Right of marital privacy Decision: Struck down a state law that made it a crime to provide contraceptive information to married couples on the basis of a constitutionally protected right of privacy. |
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Lemon v. Kurtzmann
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(1971)
Issue: Establishment Clause Decision: When a law or state action invovles religion, it must have a secular purpose; it cannot advance or inhibit religion, or excessively entangle the government with relgion; Lemon Test. |
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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(1819)
Issue: Necessary and Proper Clause and Supremacy Clause Decision: Upheld the constitutionality of the First Bank of the United States under the "necessary and proper clause," and denied the state the right to tax the Bank, noting that "the power to tax is the power to destroy." |
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Mapp v. Illinois
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(1961)
Issue: Fourth Amendment Decision: Evidence that is seized illegally cannot be used as evidence in court; the exclusionary rule is applied to the states. |
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Marbury v. Madison
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(1801)
Issue: Article III Decision: The decision established the principal of judicial review; the Supreme Court has the power to declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional. |
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Miller v. California
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(1973)
Issue: Freedom of Speech and Press Decision: Outlines a test to define obscene materials that are not protected under the First Amendment. community standards were includes as were LAPS-- a work is obscene if it has no literary, artistic, political, or scientific" value. |
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Miranda v. Arizona
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(1966)
Issue: Fifth Amendment Decision: Prior to questioning by police, a person in custody must be informed of the following: his or her constitutional rights to remain silent, that anything said can be used against him/her, that he/she has a right to have an attorney present during questioning, and to have an attorney appointed if he/she cannot afford; Mirand Warning. |
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Near v. Minnesota
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(1931)
Issue: Freedom of the Press Decision: States cannot ban offensive publications; First Amendment freedom-of-the-press protections apply to the states. (published about Jewish gangs in his newspapers) |
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New York Times v. Sullivan
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(1964)
Issue: Freedom of the Press Decision: Public figures are bound by a higher standard in libel cases than ordinary citizens; they not only have to show that what was printed was false, but that the media knew it was false and published it anyway showing complete disregard for the truth. |
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New York Times v. United States
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(1971)
Issue: Freedom of the Press Decision: The Supreme Court refused to prevent the publication of The Pentagon Papers, a classified documentary history of U.S. invovlement in Vietnam, on national security ground; prior restraint |
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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(1896)
Issue: Fourteenth Amendment Decision: Segregation by race was constitutional provided the facilities are equal; Separate but Equal doctrine. |
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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
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(1978)
Issue: Affirmative Action Decision: Setting up a rigid quota system for admission to medical school is prohibited, but race can be taken into account in the admissions process because the goal of a diverse student body is valid; reverse discrimination. |
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Roe v. Wade
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(1973)
Issue: Right to Privacy Decision: Women have an absolute right to an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy based on a constitutionally protected right of privacy; the state can impose restrictions in the second and third trimesters. |
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Roth v. United States
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(1957)
Issue: Freedom of Speech and Press Decision: Obscenity is not protected under the First Amendment; the decision recognized the validity of community standards in a test to determine if materials were obscene. |
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Schenck v. United States
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(1919)
Issue: Freedom of Speech Decision: Freedom of speech is not absolute; the decision established the clear-and-present-danger test as a constitutional restriction of free speech; you can't yell "fire" in a crowded theatre. |
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Texas v. Johnson
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(1989)
Issue: Freedom of Speech Decision: The burning of the American flag is symbolic speech and is protected under the First Amendment. |
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Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
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(1969)
Issue: Freedom of Speech Decision: The wearing of arm bands by students to protest the war in Vietnam is protected speech and cannot be prohibited by school officials; students do not give up their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door. |
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U.S v. Nixon
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(1973)
Issue: Executive Privilege Decision: Allowed for executive privilege but not in criminal cases; "Even the President in not above the law;" Watergate. |
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Bush v. Gore
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(2000)
Issue: Fourteenth Amendment Decision: Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000. |
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Baker v. Carr
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(1962)
Issue: one man one vote Decision: "one man one vote". Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's political judicial activism. |
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Marbury V Madison (1803)
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(1803)
Issue: judicial review Decision: Established right of the supreme court to rule on constitutionality of laws |
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Reynolds v. United States
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(1879)
Issue: polygamy, free excercise Decision Polygamy is illegal |
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Weeks v Unites States
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(1914)
Issue: exclusionary rule Decision: illegal evidence cannot be used in court |
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Korematsu V US
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(1944)
Issue: japanese internment camps Impact: Need to protect against espionage outweighed individual rights |
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NAACP v. Alabama
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(1958)
Issue: right to associate, freedom to assemble Impact: violated due process of 14th amen. purse private interest and associate freely |
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Hazelwood District v. Khulmeier
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(1988)
Issue: school newspaper Impact: School newspaper is not private business. Principal needs to protect students. |
