Ap Government Chapters 15 And 16

Front 1

bureaucracy with the most employees

Back 1

post office

Front 2

the most employees that come after the post office

Back 2

defense department

Front 3

Pendleton Act

Back 3

established the civil service system where people are hired based on merit and not by patronage

Front 4

Hatch Act

Back 4

made it so that federal employees cannot participate in partisan activities

Front 5

General Schedule

Back 5

salary and pension rating for employees

Front 6

Office of Personnel Management

Back 6

office in charge of hiring for the federal government

Front 7

Senior Executive Service

Back 7

is about 9000 government managers that are the cream of the crop on the GS scale

Front 8

independent regulatory agencies

Back 8

regulate a part of the economy and make up most bureaucracy

Front 9

structure of independent regulatory agencies

Back 9

governed by small commissions

Front 10

examples of independent regulatory agencies

Back 10

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Reserve Board (FRB)

Front 11

independent executive agencies

Back 11

created with a special function that do not regulate a part of the economy ex: NASA or National Science Foundation

Front 12

government corporations

Back 12

provide a service that could be provided by the private sector and typically charges for its services. ex: Post Office

Front 13

implementation of bureaucracy

Back 13

1. create agency
2. operational rules
3. coordinated resources and personnel

Front 14

implementation obstacles or reasons for failure

Back 14

-faulty program
-lack of clarity in law
-administrative routine too much creates rigidness and inability to adapt to situations
-administrative discretion too much can create a lack of structure
-fragmentation: responsibility spread throughout too many groups

Front 15

responsibility of federal bureaucrats

Back 15

to implement policy

Front 16

SOPs

Back 16

standard operating procedures
pro-provides uniformity/personnel interchangable/creates essential routine
cons-red tape frustrating/obstacles to action

Front 17

administrative discretion

Back 17

allowing multiple actions to be taken on a given problem
pro-being adapt to new situation
con-controlling discretion/limits on discretion can create problems

Front 18

street level bureaucrats

Back 18

those who have constant contact with the public
ex: teachers

Front 19

command-and-control policy

Back 19

the government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed and punishes offenders

Front 20

incentive system

Back 20

giving rewards for meeting certain goals or doing something the government wants them to do

Front 21

deregulation

Back 21

lifting restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which the government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer

Front 22

Munn v. Illinois

Back 22

1877 when the government held up government regulation for the first time

Front 23

pros of government regulation

Back 23

allows uniformity in product
creates standards in low products

Front 24

cons of government regulation

Back 24

raises prises
hurts america's competitive position abroad
doesn't always work well

Front 25

How President controls bureaucracy

Back 25

allocate $
change personnel
make new rules/orders
reorganize

Front 26

how congress controls bureaucracy

Back 26

create programs
give funding
confirm appointments

Front 27

iron triangles

Back 27

between bureaucracy, congressional subommittees and interest groups

-allow for decentralization

Front 28

issue networks

Back 28

iron triangles surrounding specific issues

Front 29

civil law

Back 29

cases where a law isn't broken

Front 30

criminal law

Back 30

where a person is breaking the law and can be punished

Front 31

standing to sue

Back 31

requirement hat plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case

Front 32

plaintiff

Back 32

brings the charge against another

Front 33

class action law suits

Back 33

when one group files suit on behalf of others similarly situated

Front 34

justiciable disputes

Back 34

cases that can be settled by matters of law

Front 35

original jurisdiction

Back 35

the jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. these are the courts that determine the facts about a case.

Front 36

appellate jurisdiction

Back 36

the jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, on the legal issues involved.

Front 37

constitution on the supreme court and lower courts

Back 37

supreme court established and congress has the power to establish lower courts

Front 38

federal district court

Back 38

have original jurisdiction. jury panels preside
91 total
jurisdiciton in federal crimes, civil suits under federal law, and civil suits between citizens of different states, bankruptcy proceedings, review actions of fed agencies, maritime law cases, supervision of naturalizaiton of aliens

Front 39

Circuit Court of Appeals

Back 39

review all final decisions of district courts. they hear appeals to orders of many federal regulartory agencies. 12 circuits broken by region

Front 40

federal magistrates

Back 40

assistant judges that serve 8 years and are assigned to federal district courts

Front 41

US marshalls

Back 41

serve out orders given by the court
protect judical process
assigned to federal district courts

Front 42

senatorial courtesy

Back 42

if a senator from the president's party doesn't agree with a justice nomination everyone in the party will listen and agree w/ that person

Front 43

success rate of presidential appts.

Back 43

2 per term
80%

Front 44

factors affecting presdential appts

Back 44

presidential popularity
if the guy is involved in scandal
judging experience

Front 45

us attorneys

Back 45

they handle cases brought against US and also are prosecutors

Front 46

rule of four

Back 46

when four judges want to hear a case then they have to hear it

Front 47

decision making process for cases

Back 47

placed on docket-->briefs submitted-->oral argument-->conference cases discussed and votes taken-->opinions drafter-->decision announcement

Front 48

accepting cases process

Back 48

appealed and discussed in committee

Front 49

writs of certiorari

Back 49

order to lower courts for information

Front 50

per curiam decisions

Back 50

deciding w/o any hearing

Front 51

stare decisis

Back 51

lets the previous decision stand and establishes a precident

Front 52

judicial restraint

Back 52

a philosophy that judges play a minimal policmaking role

Front 53

judicial activism

Back 53

judges make bold policymaking decisions even charting new constitutional ground

Front 54

judicial review

Back 54

the power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and the president are in accord with the constitution

Front 55

marbury v. madison

Back 55

court case that asserted judicial review by the S.C.

Front 56

Warren Court

Back 56

most liberal
1.expanded crimanl defendant rights
mapp v. ohio
miranda v. arizona
gideon v. waingwright

2. civil rights and desegregation
brown v. board

3. voting rights and reappportionment

Front 57

Burger Court

Back 57

1. Narrowed defendant's rights w/o overturning warren
2. roe. v. wade
3. upholding affirmative action

Front 58

Rehnquist Court

Back 58

-chipped away at liberal decision in abortion, defendant's rights, affirmative action, not being a protector of civil rights

Front 59

political questions

Back 59

judges don't want to get involved with the disputes between the president and congress