Ap Government Chapter 12

Front 1

incumbents

Back 1

individuals who already hold office

Front 2

casework

Back 2

activities of Congress that help constituents as individuals

Front 3

pork barrel

Back 3

the mighty list of federal projects, grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district

Front 4

bicameral legislature

Back 4

a legislature divided into two houses

Front 5

House Rules Committee

Back 5

an institution unique to the House of Representatives that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House Committee before they go to the full House

Front 6

filibuster

Back 6

a strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of unlimited debate

Front 7

Speaker of the House

Back 7

Chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant. It is an office mandated by the Constitution.

Front 8

majority leader

Back 8

The principal partisan ally of the Speaker of the House or the party's manager in the Senate. They are responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes on behalf of the party's legislative positions.

Front 9

whips

Back 9

Party leaders who work with the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party.

Front 10

minority leader

Back 10

The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate.

Front 11

standing committees

Back 11

separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas

Front 12

joint committees

Back 12

congressional committees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses

Front 13

conference committees

Back 13

congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms - party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill

Front 14

select committees

Back 14

congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation

Front 15

legislative oversight

Back 15

the process of monitoring the bureaucracy and its administration of policy done by Congress

Front 16

committee chairs

Back 16

The most important influencers of the Congressional agenda. They play dominant roles in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full House.

Front 17

seniority system

Back 17

a rule for selecting committee chairs that was in effect until the 1970s - the member who had served on the committee the longest and whose party controlled congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence.

Front 18

congressional caucus

Back 18

a group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic, usually composed of members from both parties and both houses

Front 19

bill

Back 19

a proposed law, drafted in precise, legal language -anyone can draft one, but only a congress member can formally submit one