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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Federalism
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a way of organizing a country into 2 or more levels of government that have equal poewr over the people
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Unitary System
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all powers reside in central government
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Confederation
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union between states (states have more power that federeal govnm)
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Intergovernmental Relations
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realtions between states, federals and locals; people paid by state govnm to go directly to Congress for their own reasons instead of waiting for the representatives (want more money,with less strings)
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Elastic Language
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Congress can make any laws the deem "necessary and proper"; that clause will stretch to meet any needs
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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Article 1-Congress can make all laws proper and necessary (elastic clause-> flexability is implied)
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Supremacy Clause
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Article 6-states 3 laws of the land: 1. constitution 2. laws of federal govnm are consisten within constitution 3. treaties
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Chief Justice John Marshall
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allows federal govnm to expand powers through Necessary and Proper caluse
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Nullification
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states once had the power to render or declare legally void or inoperative
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Dual Federalism
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federal govnm and state govnm are co-equal; each soverign
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Commerce Clause
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Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce (state to state)
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Concurrent Power
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powers held between states and federal govnm (share certain powers...ie. taxes)
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An example of concurrent powers is taxes
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Expressed/Enumerated Powers
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listed powers in Constitution
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Implied Powers
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Powers that aren't laid out specifically
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Full Faith and Credit
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one's privleges in one state and guaranteed in another
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Extrodication
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if one committs a crime in a state and flees to another, the state in which the crime was committed could go and get the criminal and have them tried
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BOUNTY HUNTER NEEDED!!
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Privileges and Immunities
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citizens in one state get privilegs and immunities in another
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Interstate Commerce
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state to state commerce
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Intrastate commerce
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in state commerce
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Interstate Compact
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the agreement among states about their economic issues
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Laboratories of Democracy
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ability that states cand do whatever they want (can "test" out something new); benefits the entire nations (states can learn off each other)
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experimenting
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Matching Funds
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if federal govnm is paying for a certain program, then states must fund the rest (ex. for every $1 the states pay, the federal govnm will pay $3)
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New Deal
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was the most centralizing period of federalism; the national govnm's greater flexibilty in raising revenues following the adoption of the 16th amendment let to revenue sharing with a pattern of federalism that continues today
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Cooperative Fedearlism
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asserts that the national govnm is Supreme over the states
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New Federalism
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relationship of states and federal aid; a plan announced in 1969 to turn over the control of some federal programs to state and local govnms and institute block grants, revenue sharing, etc.
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Fiscal Federalism
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federalism that deals with money; federal legislation to reconstruct the funding mechanism of domestic programs in areas such as health care, welfare, and training
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Land-Grant Colleges
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US was giving out land grants before the constitution
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Michigan State University was built of land grants
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Block Grant
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given for very broad program (states prefer this type of grant)
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states prefer this type of grant
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Categorical Grant
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can be used in one of many categories; main source of grants (This grant is used most often)
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This grant is used most often
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Formula Grant
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grants distributed through the formula (for example more people =more money)
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Project Grants
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grants awarded based on competitive applications (schools and universities will apply for this all the time!)
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schools and universities will apply for this all the time!
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Mandates
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federal grant
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Condition of Aid
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the strings that the fed govnm adds onto a deal (ex. states can have more money, if they do certain things)
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Distributional Formula
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written in federal laws; takes in account the county and city (housing, population, income; a slight change in formula can shift millions of dollars to another area
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