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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Jacques Rousseau
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French author and philospher (1712-1778); wrote the Social Contract
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The Social Contract
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published in 1762; stated that man once lived in a "state of nature" (complete freedom); believed that people muse have a civil society that is controllable yet allowed some freedom
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written by Jacques Rousseau
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Thomas Hobbes
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English philospher; wrote Leviathan
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Leviathan
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stated that "state of nature" was harsh, violent and unruly; stated that men signed a social contract to give up their freedom to a rule (whose job was to protect the people); believed that the state was a "leviathan" or monster
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written by Thomas Hobbes
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John Locke
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17th century philospher; wrote Two Treatises on Government; believed in 1. standing laws (people must know consequences of actions in advance) 2. private property
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Natural Rights
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political theory that individuals have basic rights given to them by nature or God that no individual or government can deny; rights inherit human beings
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Consent of the governed
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people must agree on their ruler
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Limited Government
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type of government in which it's functions and powers are perscribed, limited and restricted by law; clear restrictions on what rulers can do
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Two Treatises on Government
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believes taht "state of nature" was when individuals relied only upon their own strength; stated that people accepted a social contract under which the state gains legitimacy by protecting its citizens; stated that a just government is dependent upon the peoples thoughts/views
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that was published for Americans, urging the revolution and independence
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Common Sense
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states reasons for declaring independence: 1. natural right 2. our duty 3. monarchy withholds information for "subjects" 4. One person is making decisions on behalf of the people 5. US is secondary to Britain
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5 MAJOR REASONS FOR THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
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Power
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ability to cause others to modify their behavior; comes from authority
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Authority
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right to use their power (govnm power comes from authority)
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Legitimacy
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US govnm gets legitimacy from constitution (gives govnm power)
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Aristocracy
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highest class rules and makes decisions
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Monarchy
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hereditary
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Oligarchy
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small group governs (typically wealthy, high social status or high ranks in military)
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Constitution
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US's 2nd government document (after Articles of Confederation); written in 1787; Founding Fathers defined and limited powers of the government
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Republic
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ultimate soverignity belongs to the people
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Democracy
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government of the people
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Direct Democracy
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the people make decisions, not elected officals (impracticle in a big society; majority rules! [no compromise]); technology might allow direct democracy; quick decisions can throw off vote; people want it because they think society/govnm is elitest
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Indirect Democracy/ Representative Democracy
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people voted for officals to make decisions; disadvantages: 1. too slow 2. unresponsive to majority
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US govnm has it
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Elitism
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select few makes decisions for the people
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Marxism
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theory that govnm is run by who backs it up (dominant class); whoever runs the factories runs the country
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Max Weber
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thinks the elite power should be based on specialization; based on merit
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Pluarlism
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believes that every issued has 2 sides (and they typically conflict with each other; no single interest group is recognized because things MUST change; so must form coallition with other special interest groups
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Bueraucrats
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people who work in the govnm
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Gridlock
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when nothing gets passed because of the checks and balances system
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George Washington
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1st US president; everybody assumed he would be te first (unanimously voted for by electoral college)
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Shays' Rebellion
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Daniel Shay led ex-soldier and former rebellion (didn't like taes because he was in debt; they stopped courts from foreclosing on their farms; governor asks for help (needed soldiers)but couldn't get money or manpower; private citizens had to volunteer for volunteer army (showed Founding Fathers that the Articles of Confederation wouldn't work)
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Articles of Confederation
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US's first "constitution"; didn't have strong, central govnm; states have more power than national govnm; WEAKNESSES: 1.couldn't levy taxes 2.couldnt' regulate commerce (1 state=1 vote) 3. no quirks to settle problems between two states STRENGTH: 1.FF knew what wouldn't work in the future
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ADVANTAGES VS. DISADVANTAGES
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James Madison
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one of the FF; promised and wrote Bill or Rights; 4th president; hated political partise/special interest groups/factions because the majority faction could wreak havoc and violence on everyone
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Unicameral
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one house govnm (no executive power); punished people who were aganist the war (NO trial by jury) and manipulation of judicary (1787- Pennslyvania & Massachusetts)
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Judicial Review
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the power of a court to adjudicate the constitutionality of the laws of govnm or the acts of a govnm offical (Marbury v. Madison)
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Marybury v. Madison
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New Jersey Plan
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a plan unsuccessfully proposed at the constitutional convention, providing for a single legistlative house with equal representation for each stat; unicameral (1 state= 1 vote)
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Helped the small states
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Virginia Plan
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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at CC, provided for a strong, cental govnm and 3 branches (representation based on population and people elect them)
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Helped the large states
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Connecticut Compromise
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3 branches; house of reps based on population; 2 senators/state (elected by state legislation)
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Satisfied both big and small states
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