Ap Gov Unit 3 Week 8

Front 1

Decentralization

Back 1

Assigning decision-making responsibility to subinits on a geographical or subject-matter basis

Front 2

Ex Officio

Back 2

"by virtue of office"
many people hold a position on a board or agency by virtue of their holding some related position.

Front 3

Field Service

Back 3

Decentralized administration typified by local or regional branch offices of a federal or state agency.

Front 4

General Schedule

Back 4

The designation of rank and salary in the classified civil service. (GS 1-15)

Front 5

Idependent Regulatory Commission

Back 5

Agency outside of major executive departments charged with the regulation of important aspects of the economy. (determine rights of individuals and property)

Front 6

Quasi-judicial

Back 6

Powers excercised by administrative agencies that have the characteristics of a judicial act.

Front 7

Quasi- legislative

Back 7

Rule-making powers, exercised by administrative agencies that have characteristics of a legislative act.

Front 8

Federal Labor Relations Authority

Back 8

(FLRA) An agency that administers the creation of bargaining units and oversees labor organization elections. resolutes bargaining disputes, and prosecutes unfair labor practices.

Front 9

Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois(1990)

Back 9

Ruled that promotions, transfers, and recalls based on political affiliation or support are impermissible infringments on public employees' First Amendment rights.

Front 10

Hatch Act (1939)

Back 10

A law enacted by Congress to limit contributions to and spending by political parties. Prohibit political parties from pressuring federal employees to make contributions.

Front 11

Activism v. Self-restraint

Back 11

Two approaches to judicial decision.
1. Judge should use his or her position to promote desireable social ends.
2. judge should defer to legislatice and executive branches, which are responsible to voters.

Front 12

Amicus Curiae

Back 12

"Friend of the Court"
individuals or groups who are not parties to a lawsuit may aid or influence the court in reaching its desicion.

Front 13

Appellate v. Original Jurisdiction

Back 13

1. Authority of a court to review desicions of an inferior court.
2. The Authority of a court to hear the case in its first instance.

Front 14

Certiorari

Back 14

Order issued by higher court to a lower court to send up the record of a case for review.

Front 15

Habeas Corpus

Back 15

Court order directing an official who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner to court and to show cause for his or her detention.

Front 16

Mandamus

Back 16

Court order to compel performance of an act. A writ of mandamus may be issued to an individual or corporation as well as to a public official.

Front 17

Writ

Back 17

An order in writing issued by a court ordering the performance of an act or prohibiting some act.

Front 18

Department of Justice

Back 18

A major department of the executive branch concerned with the enforcement of federal laws.

Front 19

Ashwander v. TVA (1936)

Back 19

Upheld the rights of TVA to sell surplus electirical power.
Courts self deny their own beliefs to uphold constitutionality.

Front 20

Cohens v. Virginia (1821)

Back 20

Ruled that state court decisions are subject to review by the Supreme Court if the case involves a question of federal law, treaties, or the constitution.

Front 21

Eakin v. Raub

Back 21

Judge Gibson of Supremem court of Pennsylvania opposed John Marshall's view of Judicial Review.

Front 22

Marbury v. Madison

Back 22

First case that declared an act of Congress Unconstitutional.

Front 23

Judiciary Act of 1789

Back 23

A law to establish the Federal Court System.