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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Strict Scrutiny
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A Supreme Court test to see if a law denies equal protection because it does not serve a compelling state interest and is not narrowly tailored to achieve that goal.
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"Separate but equal doctrine" Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
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The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities. So schools could be segregated.
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De jure segregation
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Racial segregation that is required by law. So for instance when schools could legally be segregated.
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De facto segregation
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Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law but as a result of patterns of residential settlements. So if white families move out into the suburbs and the black kids stay in the inner city the schools won't be racially diverse.
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civil disobedience
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Opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resulting punishment. During the Civil Rights movement blacks did this in the form of sit-ins and freedom rides.
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mechlenburg Board of Education (1971)
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Approved busing and redrawing district lines as ways of integrating public schools
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Dred Scott decision (1857)
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Congress had no authority to ban slavery in a territory. A slave was considered a piece of property.
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1964 Civil Rights Act
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Affected voting by making it difficult to use devices such as literacy tests to bar African Americans from Voting. Supported Public accommodations by barring discrimination on grounds of race, color, religion, or national origin in certain places such as restaurants and hotels. Authorized the attorney general to bring suit to force the desegregation of public schools on behalf of the citizens. Outlawed discrimination in hiring firing or paying employees. Barred discrimination in activity receiving federal assistance.
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1965 Voting Rights Act
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* beign examined into todays day and age in the supreme court
* eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes * 24th amendment officially eliminates poll taxes * federal government says if we find inconstitencies in the regristration patterns and the federal government will step in and control the elections * if people were being hounded, literacy tests, discrimination |
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1972 Education Act
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Also known as title XI (nine) prohibited sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal aid.
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Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
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was a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that the practice of requiring only men to register for the draft was constitutional.
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
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Reaffirmed Roe v. Wade but upheld certain limits on its use.
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Affirmative action
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Programs designed to increase minority participation in some institution (businesses, schools, labor unions, or government agencies) by taking positive steps to appoint more minority-group members.
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1990 American with Disabilities Act
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A sweeping law that extended many of the protections enjoyed by women and racial minorities to disabled persons.
For employment and in public schools. |
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Reverse discrimination
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Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.
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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
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It is a confused set of rival opinions, the decisive vote was cast by Justice Powell, who said that a quota-like ban on Bakke's admission was unconstitutional but that "diversity" was a legitimate goal that could be pursued by taking race into account.
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Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
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A private organization may ban gays from its membership
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19th amendment
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Grants Woman suffrage.
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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Didn't pass lead by Alice Paul,
* alice paul's attempt to ERA * passes congresses * 35 out of 38 states needed to approve it to make it a law * fails was supposed to be an amendment in the constitution that explicity stated that women are granted equal rights of men |
