Ap Gov Chapter 3

Front 1

federalism

Back 1

government authority shared by national and local governments

Front 2

devolution

Back 2

the effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states

Front 3

block grants

Back 3

money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington

Front 4

mandates

Back 4

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Front 5

"necessary and proper" clause

Back 5

section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution

Front 6

nullification

Back 6

the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution

Front 7

dual federsalism

Back 7

doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate

Front 8

police power

Back 8

state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals

Front 9

initiatie

Back 9

process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

Front 10

referendum

Back 10

procedure enabling vote4rs to refect a measure passed by the legislature

Front 11

recall

Back 11

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Front 12

grants-in-aid

Back 12

money given by the national government to the states

Front 13

categorical grants

Back 13

federal grants for specific purposes, such as buildign an airport

Front 14

revenure sharing

Back 14

federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states

Front 15

conditions of aid

Back 15

terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

Front 16

waiver

Back 16

a decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

Front 17

second-order devolution

Back 17

the flow of power and money from the states to local governments

Front 18

third-order devolution

Back 18

the increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation

Front 19

express preemption

Back 19

a federal law or regulation that contains language explicitly displacing or superseding any contrary state or local laws

Front 20

implied preemption

Back 20

a federal law or regulation that contains language conflicting with state or local laws, that cannot be effectively implemented due to such laws, or that concerns matters in which Washington possesses exclusive constitutional powers (such as treaty-making) or "occupies the field" (like federal employment security and retirement laws)