Ap Final Exam

Front 1

what are the 5 groups of sensory receptors sensetive to?

Back 1

chemical concentrations; tissue damage; temp.; mechanical forces; light intensity

Front 2

chemical concentrations- ex.

Back 2

these receptors are called CHEMORECEPTORS ex. receptors associated with smell and taste

Front 3

tissue damage-

Back 3

tissue damage stimulates PAINE RECEPTORS..tirggered by excess expsure to mechanical, electrical, thermal, aor chimical enery...these are stimulated by anything that can cause tissue damage. also, pain receptors adapt very little if any

Front 4

temperature change-

Back 4

these are thermoreceptors

Front 5

mechanical forces-

Back 5

in general thses are called MECHANORECEPTORS.

Front 6

('') propriceptors-

Back 6

specifically those that snese changes in the tention of muscles and tendons

Front 7

('')baroreceptors

Back 7

those that sense changes in blood pressure

Front 8

('')stretch receptors-

Back 8

those the sence the degree of lung inhalation..they also aid in the maintencance of blood pressure

Front 9

sensations-

Back 9

the feelings that occur when the brain interprets sensory impulses

Front 10

when does sensory adaptation occur?

Back 10

when sensory receptors are continuously stumulated

Front 11

what happens next?

Back 11

the receptors become less responsive tot he stimulus and..

Front 12

they will finally ----- --- to -----..

Back 12

completey fail; send signals

Front 13

at this point..for instance..you would ---- --- perfum you are wearing

Back 13

stop smelling

Front 14

one the receptors have ---- the strength of the --- must --- in order to ---- the receptor

Back 14

adapted; receptors, change, trigger

Front 15

what are the somatic senses ass. with?

Back 15

skin muscles jonits and viscera

Front 16

what are the senses ass. with changes at hte body surface include:

Back 16

senses of touch and pressure-, temp., and pain

Front 17

touch and pressure-

Back 17

meissner's and pacinian coupuscles

Front 18

temp-

Back 18

warm and cold receptors-adapt quickly hot tub of water, freezing pool

Front 19

pain-

Back 19

thise adapt very little if at all,

Front 20

reffered pain-

Back 20

a phenomnenom where visceral pain may feel like its coming form another body part....left shoulder hurts during a heart attack

Front 21

senses associalted with changes in muscles and tendons and in body position are what?

Back 21

propriocepters

Front 22

senses associated with changes in vixcera are what?

Back 22

visceroreceptors

Front 23

what does the special senses include?

Back 23

smell; taste; hearing and equlibrium, sight

Front 24

smell: kind of receptors, what % flavor, what is the loss of abiltity to smell?

Back 24

olfactory and chemorecptors; 75-80; anosmia

Front 25

when an - - has been -, the impulses will -, by way of -, through the - - into the - -

Back 25

olfactory nerve; stimulated; travel; axons; cribiform plate; olfactory bulbs

Front 26

Thes impulses then travel by way of the - - to the - - which is the brain;s - for - and -

Back 26

olfactory tract, limbic sys., center; memory ; emotions

Front 27

do olfactory receptors adapt quickly, how long does it take:

Back 27

yes! within a min. they are totally insensetive to that smeell

Front 28

what are the only nerve cells that have dorect contact with the outside einvironment?

Back 28

olfactory receptor neurons

Front 29

bc of this they are - - and must be -. they are the only example of - - that are regularly -

Back 29

easily damaged, replace, damaged neurons, that are regularly replace

Front 30

taste: what are the organs of taste? where are they found?

Back 30

taste buds, toungue roof of mouth and linings of cheeks and phyarynx

Front 31

how many tastebuds do we have and how many cells does each one house?

Back 31

10000, 50-150

Front 32

taste receptors are - -

Back 32

modified epithelial

Front 33

in order for a chemilcal to be tasted, it must be - the liquid for this is provided by the - -

Back 33

dissolved; salivary glands

Front 34

what are the primary taste sensations:

Back 34

sween sour salty and bitter

Front 35

hearing: what is the organ for hearing? what is it also responsible for:

Back 35

ear; static equilibrium (gravity) and dynamice equil. (angular momentum)

Front 36

what are the portions of the ear:

Back 36

exteranal, middle inner

Front 37

external ear: what does this consist of?

Back 37

outher flap which is called the auricle and the exteranl auditory meatus (canal in temp. bone)

Front 38

what does the eam contain: what do they do?

Back 38

hair and ceruminous glands; help keep foreign objecst out of the ear

Front 39

when an impulse goes into the meatus, it travels to the - - which - when _

Back 39

tympainc membrane,vibrated, stimulated

Front 40

what are the 3 parts of the middle ear?

Back 40

tympanic mem., tympanic cavity; auditory ossicles

Front 41

loud noise triggers?

Back 41

tympanic reflex

Front 42

then what happens?

Back 42

middle ear bones consrict, prevents vibrations entering easily

Front 43

vibrations then go through the - into the - with is an - - space within the - -

Back 43

membrane, cavity, air filled, temp. bone

Front 44

vibration then goes into the - ( - - -)

Back 44

ossicles (malice incus and stapes)

Front 45

the malleus vibrates the - and then bibrates the -

Back 45

incus stapes

Front 46

inner ear: the inner ear' tubes and chambers are called the -

Back 46

labryinth

Front 47

what does the labrying include?

Back 47

cochlea, 3 semi circualr canals that function in equilbruim

Front 48

cochlea funcion-

Back 48

hearing

Front 49

what does the cochlea contain?

Back 49

orgaon of Corti which contains 16000 hearing rec. cells

Front 50

what are the 2 types of deafness:

Back 50

conductive, sensorineural

Front 51

conductive-

Back 51

95 % caused by excells earwax, disease or a torn or perforated eardrum

Front 52

sensoriunerual-

Back 52

cause by damage to the cochlea or the auditory nerve

Front 53

what are the 2 kinds of equilibrium:

Back 53

static and dynamic

Front 54

static-

Back 54

stabiltiy and posture when head and body are still

Front 55

sight:kind of receptors? assited by - - - -

Back 55

visual, eyelids lacrimal appartus and muscles that move them

Front 56

eyelid: layers?

Back 56

skin (thinnest) muscle, ct, and conjunctiva (mucous membrane)

Front 57

lacrimal apparatus- made of

Back 57

lacrimal gland

Front 58

what does the lac. gland do?

Back 58

secrets tears and a series of ducts which carry to tears into the nasal cavity

Front 59

tear then...

Back 59

flow downard into the eys

Front 60

what also secreted a tearlike secretion?

Back 60

glandualr cells of conjuctiva

Front 61

together the 2 secretions:

Back 61

mositen and lubriacte the tyes lining of eylid

Front 62

tears contain:

Back 62

enzyme, lysozyme that has anti-bacterail properties hepls reduce the chance fo en eye infection

Front 63

cornea-

Back 63

referred to as the window of the eye and help focus the entering rays

Front 64

sclera-

Back 64

the white of the eyes, protects the eye and in an attachment for the extrinsic muscles

Front 65

optic nerve-

Back 65

found behind the eye and peirces the sclera

Front 66

iris-

Back 66

colored muscular portion ofo the eye that surrounds the pupil and regulated tis size

Front 67

pupil-

Back 67

opening in the iris through twich ligh enters

Front 68

lens-

Back 68

lies directly behind the iris and pupil and is compsed fo specilalized epithelial cells. the lens changes shpae to allws for accommodation...looking at an ovject in the distance and then looking at something close up

Front 69

aqueous humor

Back 69

liquid that fills the sapce between the cornea and then lens, providing nurtients and maintaing the shape of the fron of the eye

Front 70

retina

Back 70

this is a thin delicate layer that contains the visual receptor cells...photoreceptors

Front 71

vitreous humor-

Back 71

this is a transparent, jelly like supbstance that fills the posterior cavity of trhe eye and helps maintain its shape

Front 72

rods and cones-

Back 72

cones are color receptors in the retina of the eye, rods are light receptors that allow fro colorless vision