A&p Final Ch 3

Front 1

Basic functional & structural unit of life

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

Principle of complementarity

Back 2

Biochemical activity of cell reflects the operation of its organelles 3 major regions of a cell

Front 3

3 components of a cell

Back 3

Nucleus, cytoplasm & plasma membrane

Front 4

Functions of plasma membrane

Back 4

1. Encloses cell contents
2. Mediates exchanges with extracellular environment
3. Plays role in cellular communication

Front 5

3 components of plasma membrane

Back 5

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

Front 6

Transmembrane proteins

Back 6

Extend thru plasma membrane usually on both sides

Front 7

Peripheral proteins

Back 7

Attach to integral proteins & are outside the plasma membrane

Front 8

Functions of plasma membrane proteins

Back 8

Enzymes
Receptors
Mediate membrane transport

Front 9

Cell junctions

Back 9

Join cells together & aid or inhibit movement of molecules between cells

Front 10

Tight junctions

Back 10

Virtually impenetrable

Front 11

Desmosomes

Back 11

Mechanically couple cells

Front 12

Gap junctions

Back 12

Allow joined cells to communicate

Front 13

Passive processes

Back 13

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

Movement of molecules down concentration gradient

Front 15

Facilitated diffusion

Back 15

Movement of certain solutes across membrane by either binding with carrier protein or by going thru a membrane channel

Front 16

Osmosis

Back 16

Diffusion of water thru plasma membrane thru aquaporons

Front 17

Hypertonic

Back 17

Solutions that cause net loss of water

Front 18

Hypotonic

Back 18

Cause a net gain of water

Front 19

Isotonic

Back 19

Cause neithet gain nor loss of water

Front 20

Active transport depends on what 2 things

Back 20

Carrier proteins & atp

Front 21

Primary active transport

Back 21

Such as na k pump
Atp directly provides energy

Front 22

Secondary active transport

Back 22

Energy of ion gradient caused by an active transport process is ised to transport substances passively

Front 23

Symport

Back 23

Cotransported substances move in same direction

Front 24

Antiport

Back 24

Cotransported substances move in opposite directions

Front 25

3 types of vesicular transport

Back 25

Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis

Front 26

Phagocytosis

Back 26

Process by which relatively large particles are brought into cell

Front 27

Pinocytosis

Back 27

Process by which dissolved molecules are brought into cell

Front 28

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 28

Selective
Engulfed molecules attach to receptors on cells before endocytosis occurs

Front 29

Exocytosis

Back 29

Uses SNARES
ejects substances from cell

Front 30

Most endo- & transcytosis is mediated by:

Back 30

Clthrin-coated vesicles

Front 31

Resting membrane potential is generated by what two things?

Back 31

Concentration gradient of ions
Differential permeability of plasma membrane

Front 32

Where is sodium found in high & low concentrations in relation to the cell

Back 32

High extracellular concentration
Low intracellular concentration

Front 33

Where is K in high & low concentration in relation to the cell?

Back 33

High intracellular
Low extracellular

Front 34

Negative membrane potential is established how?

Back 34

Movement of K out of cell equals movement of K into cell

Front 35

3 basic components of cytoplasm

Back 35

Cytosol
Inclusions (nonliving nutrient stores, pigment granules, crystals etc)
Organelles

Front 36

Mitochondria

Back 36

Site of atp formation

Front 37

Ribosome

Back 37

Site of protein synthesis

Front 38

Rough ER

Back 38

Protein modification

Front 39

Smooth ER

Back 39

Synthesizes lipids & steroids

Front 40

Golgi apparatus

Back 40

Packages proteins

Front 41

Lysosomes

Back 41

Intracellular digestion

Front 42

Peroxosomes

Back 42

Destroys free radicals & toxins

Front 43

3 components of cytoskeleton

Back 43

Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments

Front 44

Microtubules

Back 44

Organize cytoskeleton & important in intracellular transport

Front 45

Microfilaments

Back 45

Important in cell motility

Front 46

Intermediate filaments

Back 46

Help cells resist mechanical stress

Front 47

Organize the mitotic spindlev& are the bases of cilia & flagella

Back 47

Centrioles

Front 48

Microvilli

Back 48

Extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area

Front 49

Control center of cell

Back 49

Nucleus

Front 50

Nucleoli

Back 50

Nuclear site of ribosomal subunit synthesis

Front 51

Chromatin

Back 51

Slender threads containing histone proteins & dna

Front 52

Interphase

Back 52

Nondividing phase of cell cycle
G1, growth
S dna replicates
G2 ginal prepps

Front 53

Semiconservative replication of dna

Back 53

Produces 2 dna molecules each formed with one old and one new strand

Front 54

4 phases of mitosis

Back 54

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Front 55

Cytokenesis

Back 55

Divides cytoplasmic mass into two parts

Front 56

Mrna

Back 56

Messenger rna
Carry instructions for making polypeptide chain to ribosome

Front 57

Trna

Back 57

Transfer rna
Binds to a codon on mrna strand specifying its amino acids

Front 58

Rrna

Back 58

Ribosomal rna
Forms part of protein synthesis site

Front 59

Transcription

Back 59

Done by mrna

Front 60

Translation

Back 60

By trna

Front 61

Apoptosis

Back 61

Cell suicide