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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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haploid complement
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half the normal chromosome number
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gametogenesis
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the process of gamete formation, involves reduction of the chromosome number by half
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homologous chromosomes
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egg and sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits
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zygote
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when the sperm and egg fuse it becomes this, and contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
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diploid
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23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, chromosome number 46
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mitosis
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nuclear division process
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meiosis
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a specialized type of nuclear cell division, occurs in the ovaries and testes during gametogenesis.
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stem cell
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before meiosis begins chromosomes are replicated in the mother cell or this...
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synapsis
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an event not seen in mitosis occurs during prophase, the homologous chromosomes each now a duplicated structure , begin to pair so that they become closely aligned
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tetrads
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grouping of four chromosomes
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chiasmata
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while in synapsis the "arms" of adjacent homologous chromosomes coil around each other forming many points of crossover or this...
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dyads
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sister chromatids or threads of chromatids
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spermatogenesis
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human sperm production, begins in puberty and continues without interruption throughout life
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spermatogonia
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these primitive stem cells are found in the seminiferous tubule periphery, and divide extensively to build up the stem cell line
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sustentacular cell
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also known as sertoli cells, these cells nourish the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm
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interstitial cells
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also known as leydig cells, these cells are prompted by luteinizing hormone to produce testosterone , which act synergistically with FSH to stimulate sperm production
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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this hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland, and under the influence of this hormone each mitotic division of spermatogonium produces one spermatogonium and one primary spermatocyte
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acrosome
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anterior to the nucleus in sperm lies this which contains enzymes involved in sperm penetration of the egg
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ovarian cycle
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the cycle in which an oocyte matures, erupts form the ovary and then travels down the oviduct into the uterus is called this
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oogenesis
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also called female gamete formation, this occurs in the ovary similar to male spermatogenesis
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oogonia
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primitive stem cells located in the ovarian cortices of the developing female fetus. during fetal development this undergoes mitosis thousands of times until their number reaches 2 million or more
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primordial follicles
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when oogonia become encapsulated by a single layer of squamous like follicle cells it is known as this..
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menstrual cycle
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also known as the uterine cycle, is hormonally controlled by estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovary. divided into three stages: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory
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menses
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also known as menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, this is approximately days 1-5. Characterized by bleeding due to the sloughing off of the thick functional layer of the endometrial lining of the uterus
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