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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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superior
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(above) Refers to placement of a structure along the long axis of the body. Superior structures always appear above other structures.
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inferior
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(below) Refers to placement of a structure along the long axis of the body. Inferior structures are always below other structures.
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anterior
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(front) The most anterior structures are those that are most forward on humans. eg. face, chest and abdomen.
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posterior
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(back) Posterior structures in humans are those toward the backside of the body. eg. the spine is posterior to the heart.
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medial
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(toward the midline)
The sternum (breastbone) is medial to the ribs. |
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lateral
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(away from the midline or median plane) : The ear is lateral to the nose.
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cephalad (cranial)
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(toward the head) : In humans this term is interchangeable with "superior", but with animals it is synonymous with "anterior".
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caudal
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(toward the tail) : In humans this term is interchangeable with "inferior", but with animals it is synonymous with "posterior".
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dorsal (superior)
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(backside) The term "dorsal" is chiefly used to describe animals and refers to the animal's back or the backside of other structures.
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ventral (inferior)
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(belly side) The term "ventral" is chiefly used to describe animals and refers to the animal's belly side
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proximal
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(nearer the trunk or attached end) The term is used to locate various areas of the body limbs. eg. The knee is proximal to the toes.
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distal
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(farther from the trunk or point of attachment) Used to locate various areas of the body limbs. eg. The fingers are distal to the elbow.
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superficial (external)
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(toward or at the body surface) This term locates the body organs according to their relative closeness to the body surface.
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deep (internal)
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(away from the body surface) This term locates the body organs according to their relative closeness to the body surface.
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