A&p Excelsior Ch 12-18

Front 1

A nerve cell whose cell body has only TWO processes, one axon and the other a dendrite.

Back 1

Bipolar neuron

Front 2

Nerve cell that has many processes arising from its cell body

Back 2

Multipolar neuron

Front 3

Neuron that has a SINGLE nerve fiber extending from its cell body

Back 3

Unipolar neuron

Front 4

Portion of a nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleus, and from which the fibers extend.

Back 4

Cell body

Front 5

Process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons

Back 5

Dendrite

Front 6

A nerve fiber, conducts a nerve impulse AWAY from a neuron cell body

Back 6

Axon

Front 7

Fine cytoplasmic thread that extends from the cell body into the process of a neuron

Back 7

Neurofibril

Front 8

Fatty material that forms a sheathlike covering around nerve fibers

Back 8

Myelin sheath

Front 9

Short region of exposed unmyelinated axon between Schwann cells on neurons of the peripheral nervous system.

Back 9

Node of Ranvier

Front 10

Afferent neurons: carry nerve impulses from the peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal cord

Back 10

Sensory neurons

Front 11

Internuncial neurons: lie within the brain or spinal cord. impulses from one part of the brain to another.

Back 11

Interneurons

Front 12

Efferent Neurons: are multipolar and carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors (muscles or glands)

Back 12

Motor neurons

Front 13

star-shaped cells, provide support and hold structures together, aid in metabolism, regulate movement if substances from blood vessels, BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

Back 13

Astrocytes

Front 14

occur in rows along myelinated axons, form myelin in the spinal cord and brain.

Back 14

Oligodendrocytes

Front 15

scattered throughout the CNS, help support neurons and phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris

Back 15

Microglia

Front 16

cuboidal or columnar in shape, may have cilia, form on the inner lining of the central canal that extend downward through the spinal cord

Back 16

Ependyma

Front 17

cover specialized capillaries called CHOROID PLEXUSES, REGULATE the composition if the cerebrospinal fluid

Back 17

Ependyma

Front 18

Speed neurotransmission, lipid rich membranes that wrap tightly around the axons of peripheral neurons

Back 18

Schwann Cells

Front 19

Support Ganglia in the PNS

Back 19

Satellite Cells

Front 20

Sensitive to a specific type of internal or external change

Back 20

Receptor

Front 21

Transmit nerve impulses from the receptor into the brain or spinal cord

Back 21

Sensory neuron

Front 22

Serves as a processing center, conducts nerve impulse from the sensory neuron to a motor neuron

Back 22

interneuron

Front 23

transmits nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord OUT to an effector

Back 23

Motor neuron

Front 24

Responds to stimulation by the motor neuron and produces the reflex or behavioral action

Back 24

Effector

Front 25

simple monosynaptic reflex, a sensory neuron communicating directly to a motor neuron

Back 25

knee-jerk reflex

Front 26

reflex that involves a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and motor neuron

Back 26

withdrawal reflex

Front 27

largest portion of the brain

Back 27

cerebrum

Front 28

Part of the brain that determines intelligence and personality

Back 28

cerebrum

Front 29

Masses if gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres

Back 29

Basal nuclei

Front 30

rounded bulge on the underside of the brain stem where it separates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata

Back 30

pons

Front 31

What part of the brain controls cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory

Back 31

Medulla Oblongata

Front 32

Contains reflex centers that move the eyes and head, and maintain posture

Back 32

midbrain

Front 33

Relay nerve impulses to and from the medulla oblongata and cerebrum: help regulate the depth of breathing

Back 33

Pons

Front 34

outermost layer of the brain, composed of white, dense connective tissue and contains many blood vessels and nerves

Back 34

Dura Matter

Front 35

Thin, weblike membrane that lacks blood vessels and is located between the dura matter and pia matter

Back 35

Arachnoid matter

Front 36

Very thin and contains many nerves and blood vessels that nourish the underlying cells of the brain and spinal cord

Back 36

Pia Matter

Front 37

Meninges have 3 layers:

Back 37

dura matter, arachnoid matter, and pia matter

Front 38

spinal cord consist of ___ segments

Back 38

31

Front 39

Anterior branches of the spinal cord combine to form complex networks called________

Back 39

plexuses

Front 40

lie deep within the neck on either side, formed by the first four cervical nerves, supply muscles and skin of the neck

Back 40

cervical plexuses

Front 41

anterior branches of the lower 4 cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve make the

Back 41

brachial plexuses

Front 42

formed by the last thoracic nerve and the lumbar, sacral, and cocygeal nerves

Back 42

lumbosacral plexuses

Front 43

Autonomic Nervous System has 2 divisions:

Back 43

Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic Divisions

Front 44

Portion of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Back 44

Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 45

Portion of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord

Back 45

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 46

opposes the lengthening of the muscle and helps maintain the desired position of a limb in spite of gravitational or other forces tending to move it

Back 46

stretch reflex

Front 47

include the auricle, and the external acoustic meatus

Back 47

Outer (External) Ear

Front 48

Outer, funnel-like structure

Back 48

auricle

Front 49

eardrum

Back 49

tympanic membrane

Front 50

sometimes called the tympanic cavity, separates the outer and inner ears, contains auditory ossicles

Back 50

middle ear

Front 51

3 auditory ossicles:

Back 51

malleus, incus, and the stapes

Front 52

contains thousands of hearing receptor cells, located on upper surface of basilar membrane and stretches from the apex to the base of the cochlea

Back 52

Organ of Corti

Front 53

contain the osseous labyrinth and the membranous labyrith, intercommunicating chambers

Back 53

Inner (Internal) ear

Front 54

associated with the changes at body surface, include: TOUCH, PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, PAIN

Back 54

Exteroreceptive Senses

Front 55

Responsible for the sensation of itching, simplest of receptors, lie between epithelial cells

Back 55

Free Nerve Endings

Front 56

Associated with the changes in muscles and tendons and in body position

Back 56

Proprioceptive Senses

Front 57

Respond to changes in the concentration of chemical substances
ex: oxygen, hydrogen ions, glucose

Back 57

Chemoreceptors

Front 58

Sensory receptors in the blood vessel wall stimulated by changes in pressure

Back 58

Baroreceptors

Front 59

Sensory nerve ending that respond to tension

Back 59

Stretch Receptor

Front 60

Provide fine touch, found in hairless portions of the skin ex: lips, fingertips, palms, soles, nipples, and external genital organs

Back 60

Tactile (MEISSNER'S) Corpuscles

Front 61

Found in deep dermal tissues of hands, feet, penis, clitoris, urethra, breast, muscles, joints, tendons. HEAVY PRESSURE stimulate

Back 61

Lamellated (PACINIAN) Corpuscles

Front 62

Brain has 3 major cavities:

Back 62

Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

Front 63

Forebrain is also called

Back 63

prosencephalon

Front 64

very deep groove

Back 64

fissure

Front 65

shallow to somewhat deep groove

Back 65

sulcus

Front 66

masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres

Back 66

Basal Nuclei