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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
THE HEART IS ALSO A
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THE HEART AS A PUMP
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THE HEART HAS ATRIAL
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SYNCYTIUM
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THE HEAT HAS VENTRICAL
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SYNCYTIUM
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FIBROUS INSULATOR EXISTS BETWEEN ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE
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CARDIAC MUSCLE TO PUMP THE BLOOD
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THE CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS THESE TYPES OF FILAMENTS
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THICK = MYOSIN, THIN =ACTIN
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CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS THSE LOW RESISTANCE INTERCALATED DISKS WHICH CONTAIN THIS
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GAP JUCTION
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TRUE OR FALSE CARDIAC MUSCLE IS VERY WELLL CONTECTED OR NOT SO MUCH
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WELL CONNECTED
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CARDIAC MUSCLEIS PRIMARILY MADED UP OF ONE PRINCIPLE ELEMENT
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PROTEIN
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ACTION POTENTIAL OF CARDIAC MUSCLE AT REST IS
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-85 TO -95 MILLIVOLTS
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THE ACTION POTENTIAL OF CARDIAC MUCSLE IS
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105 MILIVOLTS
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HOW LONG DOES THE CARDIAC PLATEAU LATS
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-0.2 -0.3 SEC IN VENTRICALUR MUSCLE ( NOTE THIS IS MUCH LONGER THEN SKELETAL MUSCLE)
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PHASE 0
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Fast Na+ channels open then slow Ca++ channels
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PHASE 1
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K+ CHANNELS OPEN
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PHASE 2
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CA++ CHANNELS OPEN MORE
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PHASE 3
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K+ CHANNELS OPEN MORE
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PHASE 4
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RESTING MEMBRAINE POTENTIAL
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WHAT ION CAUSES THE PLATUE PHASE OF THE MEMBRANCE POTENTIAL
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CA++
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REFACTORY PERIOD OF CARDIAC MUSCLE DURING THIS TIME THE MEMBRANE IS AT REST AND CAN NOT BE RE-EXCITED TO DUE
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INACTIVATED NA+ CHANNELS
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THE REFACTORY PERIOD IN THE VENTRICLES LAST
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0.25 -0.30 SEC IN VENTRICLES
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THE REFACTORY PERIOD IN THE ATRIA LAST
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0.15 SEC I N ATRIA
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LIST ONE OF THE RESULTS OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL IN CARDIAC MUSCLE
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RELEASE OF CA++ FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM R/T T TUBLES BAGS O CALCIUM WHICH THEN NEED ATP TO PUMP CA++ OUT
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CARDIAC CYCLE
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SYSTOLE & DIASTOLE
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SYSTOLE
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MUSCLE STIMULATED BY AP AND CONTRACTING
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DIASTOLE
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MUSCLE REESTABLISHING NA+/K+/CA++ GRADIENT IS RELAXING
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EKG COMPONETS
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P WAVE, QRS –VENTRICAL WAVE, T WAVE VENTRICULAR REPOL
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ATRIAL PRESSURE WAVE
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A WAVE (ATRIAL CONTRACTION), C WAVE (VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION), V WAVE (FLOW OF BLOOD INTO ATRIA)
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A, C, V WAVE FORMS ARE RELATED TO WHAT PRESSURES WAVE ATRIAL OR VENTRICULAR
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ATRIAL
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ANOTHER NAMBE FOR ISOVOLUMIC RELAXATION
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DIASTOLE
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THIS WILL SLOW BLOOD FLOW INTO THE VENTRICLE
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DIASTASIS
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ATRIAL SYSTOLE –EXTRA BLOOD ACCOUNTS FOR WHAT ____% OF THE FILLING
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25
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ANOTHER NAME FOR ISOVOLUMIC CONTRACTION
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SYSTOLE
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DURING DIASTOLE A-V VALUES OPEND OR CLOSED
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OPEN
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DURING SYSTOLE A-V VALUES OPEN OR CLOSED
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CLOSED (VENTRICULAR PRESS> ATRIAL PRESS)
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ENGERY OF BLOOD EQUATION
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P +MV2/2 = PRESSURE +KINETIC ENERGY
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EF AT END DIASTOLIC VOL
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120 ML
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EF AT END SYSTOLIC VOL
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50 ML
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EJECTION VOL (STROKE VOL) =
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70ML
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CARDIAC OUTPUT CALCULATION HR 70 * STROKE VOLUME (70) =
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4900 ML/MIN 5L
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TO CALCULATE DV 180 – SV 20 = 160 , 160* HR 100 =
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16000 ML/MIN
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AORTIC PRESSURE STARTS __I/D___ DURING SYSTOLE AFTER THE AORTIC VALVE OPENS
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INCREASING
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AORTIC PRESSURE AT THE END STARTS TO ____I/D___ TOWARD THE END OF THE EJECTION PHASE
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DECREASE
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AORTIC PRESSURE DECREASES SLOWLY DURING DIASTOLE BECAUSE OF THE ______ OF THE AORTA
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ELASTICITY ( IT WILL EXPAND, STRECHT ,RETRACT)
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THESE ITEMS HELP PREVENT BACK FLOW (CT)
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CHORADE TENDINEAE ATTACHED TO A-V VALVES
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THESE ATTACH TO CHORADETENDINEAE AND PREVENT BACK FLOW DURING SYSTOLE
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PAPILLARY MUSCLE
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FRANK STARLING MECHANISM
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WITHIN PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITS THE HEART PUMPS ALL THE BLOOD THAT COMES TO IT WITHOUT EXCESSIVE DAMMING IN THE VEINS
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WITHIN PHHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITS THE HEART PUMPS ALL THE BLOOD THAT COMES TO IT WITHOUT EXCESSIVE DAMMING IN THE VEINS
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FRANK STARLING MECHANISM
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EXTRA STRECTCH ON CARDIAC MYOCYTES MAKES ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS _______INTERDIGITATE TO A MORE OPTIMAL DEGRESS OF FORCE GENERATIO
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INTERDIGITATE
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AUTONOMIC -SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION CAUSES I/D HR + INCR CONTRACTILITY WITH HR = 180-200 AND C.O. = ______L/MIN
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Increased 15-20L/min
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AUTOMONIC – PARASYMPATHEITIC STIMULATION I/D HR MARKEDLY AND DECR CONTRACTILITY SLIGHTLY.
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DECREASES
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DURING PAPARSYMPATHEIC STIMULATION VAGAL FIBERS GO TO ______?
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ATRIA
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TACHYCARDIA = FAST HEART REATE AND CAN DECREASE C.O. WHY?
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NOT ENOUGH TIME TO SUFFICANTLY FILL THE HEART DURING DIASTOLE.
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VASCULAR DISTENSIBILITY IS
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THE FRACTIONAL INCREASE IN VOLUME FOR EACH mmHg RISE IN PRESSURE
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VEINS ARE ____ TIMES MORE DISTENSIBLE THAN ARTERIES
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8 TIMES
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PULMONARY ARTERIES ARE RELATIVELY DISTENSIBLE TRUE OR FALSE
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TRUE
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VASCULAR DISTENSIBILITY= INCRESE IN VOLUME , INCREASE IN PRESSURE X
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ORIGINAL VOLUME
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HEIGHT OF PRESSURE PULSE IS THE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
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120 mmHg
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THE LOWEST POINT IS DIASTOLCI PRESSURE
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80mmHg
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WHAT IS THE DIFFENCE BETTWEEN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS
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PULSE PRESSURE 40mmHg
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THE CAPACITANCE OF VEINS IS _____ TIMES THAT OF ARTERIES
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24 TIMES
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ATERIAL COMPLIANCE – DECREASE IN COMPLIANCE = I/D IN PULSE PRESSURE
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INCREASE PULSE PRESSURE
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ATERIAL COMPLIANCE - INCREASE IN COMPLIANCE = I/D IN PULSE PRESSURE
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DECREASE PULSE
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INCREASE STROKE VOL INCREASE PULSE PRESSURE AND IF YOU DECREASE ______ YOU DECREASE PULSE PRESSURE
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STROK VOL
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WHAT % OF BLOOD IS IN THE VEINS
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60%
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THESE LOCATIONS IN THE BODY SERVE AS RESERVIORS ARE
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SPLEEN, LIVER, LARGE ABDOMICAL VEINS
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______ PRESSURE TENDS TO INCREASE VENOUS PRSSURES IN THE LEGS
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ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
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RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE CAUSED BLOOD TO BACK UP INOT WHAT SYSTEM, THERE FORE INCREASING _____ PRESSURE
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VENSOUS SYSTEM, VENOUS
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RIGHT ATRIUM PRESSURE IS CALLED
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CENTRAL VENOUS PRSSURE
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CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE IS NORMALLY 0 mmHg, but can be ______ mmHg
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20-30
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INTRACELLULAR FLUID _____L =
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28.0 L
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PLASMAS = ___ L =
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3.0 L
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INTERSITIAL FLUID = ____
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11.0L
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WHAT TWO FACTORS DECREASE TOTAL BODY WATER
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INCREASING OBESITY AND AGE
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DISTRIBUTION ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE IS REALTED TO OSMOTIC FORCES
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ELECTROLYTES NA+ CA++ K+
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DISTRIBUTION ACROSS CAPILLARIES IS DETEMINED BY HYDROSTATIC AND ______ _______ FORCES
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COLLOID OSMOTIC
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