Ap Exam Iii

Front 1

THE HEART IS ALSO A

Back 1

THE HEART AS A PUMP

Front 2

THE HEART HAS ATRIAL

Back 2

SYNCYTIUM

Front 3

THE HEAT HAS VENTRICAL

Back 3

SYNCYTIUM

Front 4

FIBROUS INSULATOR EXISTS BETWEEN ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE

Back 4

CARDIAC MUSCLE TO PUMP THE BLOOD

Front 5

THE CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS THESE TYPES OF FILAMENTS

Back 5

THICK = MYOSIN, THIN =ACTIN

Front 6

CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS THSE LOW RESISTANCE INTERCALATED DISKS WHICH CONTAIN THIS

Back 6

GAP JUCTION

Front 7

TRUE OR FALSE CARDIAC MUSCLE IS VERY WELLL CONTECTED OR NOT SO MUCH

Back 7

WELL CONNECTED

Front 8

CARDIAC MUSCLEIS PRIMARILY MADED UP OF ONE PRINCIPLE ELEMENT

Back 8

PROTEIN

Front 9

ACTION POTENTIAL OF CARDIAC MUSCLE AT REST IS

Back 9

-85 TO -95 MILLIVOLTS

Front 10

THE ACTION POTENTIAL OF CARDIAC MUCSLE IS

Back 10

105 MILIVOLTS

Front 11

HOW LONG DOES THE CARDIAC PLATEAU LATS

Back 11

-0.2 -0.3 SEC IN VENTRICALUR MUSCLE ( NOTE THIS IS MUCH LONGER THEN SKELETAL MUSCLE)

Front 12

PHASE 0

Back 12

Fast Na+ channels open then slow Ca++ channels

Front 13

PHASE 1

Back 13

K+ CHANNELS OPEN

Front 14

PHASE 2

Back 14

CA++ CHANNELS OPEN MORE

Front 15

PHASE 3

Back 15

K+ CHANNELS OPEN MORE

Front 16

PHASE 4

Back 16

RESTING MEMBRAINE POTENTIAL

Front 17

WHAT ION CAUSES THE PLATUE PHASE OF THE MEMBRANCE POTENTIAL

Back 17

CA++

Front 18

REFACTORY PERIOD OF CARDIAC MUSCLE DURING THIS TIME THE MEMBRANE IS AT REST AND CAN NOT BE RE-EXCITED TO DUE

Back 18

INACTIVATED NA+ CHANNELS

Front 19

THE REFACTORY PERIOD IN THE VENTRICLES LAST

Back 19

0.25 -0.30 SEC IN VENTRICLES

Front 20

THE REFACTORY PERIOD IN THE ATRIA LAST

Back 20

0.15 SEC I N ATRIA

Front 21

LIST ONE OF THE RESULTS OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL IN CARDIAC MUSCLE

Back 21

RELEASE OF CA++ FROM THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM R/T T TUBLES BAGS O CALCIUM WHICH THEN NEED ATP TO PUMP CA++ OUT

Front 22

CARDIAC CYCLE

Back 22

SYSTOLE & DIASTOLE

Front 23

SYSTOLE

Back 23

MUSCLE STIMULATED BY AP AND CONTRACTING

Front 24

DIASTOLE

Back 24

MUSCLE REESTABLISHING NA+/K+/CA++ GRADIENT IS RELAXING

Front 25

EKG COMPONETS

Back 25

P WAVE, QRS –VENTRICAL WAVE, T WAVE VENTRICULAR REPOL

Front 26

ATRIAL PRESSURE WAVE

Back 26

A WAVE (ATRIAL CONTRACTION), C WAVE (VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION), V WAVE (FLOW OF BLOOD INTO ATRIA)

Front 27

A, C, V WAVE FORMS ARE RELATED TO WHAT PRESSURES WAVE ATRIAL OR VENTRICULAR

Back 27

ATRIAL

Front 28

ANOTHER NAMBE FOR ISOVOLUMIC RELAXATION

Back 28

DIASTOLE

Front 29

THIS WILL SLOW BLOOD FLOW INTO THE VENTRICLE

Back 29

DIASTASIS

Front 30

ATRIAL SYSTOLE –EXTRA BLOOD ACCOUNTS FOR WHAT ____% OF THE FILLING

Back 30

25

Front 31

ANOTHER NAME FOR ISOVOLUMIC CONTRACTION

Back 31

SYSTOLE

Front 32

DURING DIASTOLE A-V VALUES OPEND OR CLOSED

Back 32

OPEN

Front 33

DURING SYSTOLE A-V VALUES OPEN OR CLOSED

Back 33

CLOSED (VENTRICULAR PRESS> ATRIAL PRESS)

Front 34

ENGERY OF BLOOD EQUATION

Back 34

P +MV2/2 = PRESSURE +KINETIC ENERGY

Front 35

EF AT END DIASTOLIC VOL

Back 35

120 ML

Front 36

EF AT END SYSTOLIC VOL

Back 36

50 ML

Front 37

EJECTION VOL (STROKE VOL) =

Back 37

70ML

Front 38

CARDIAC OUTPUT CALCULATION HR 70 * STROKE VOLUME (70) =

Back 38

4900 ML/MIN 5L

Front 39

TO CALCULATE DV 180 – SV 20 = 160 , 160* HR 100 =

Back 39

16000 ML/MIN

Front 40

AORTIC PRESSURE STARTS __I/D___ DURING SYSTOLE AFTER THE AORTIC VALVE OPENS

Back 40

INCREASING

Front 41

AORTIC PRESSURE AT THE END STARTS TO ____I/D___ TOWARD THE END OF THE EJECTION PHASE

Back 41

DECREASE

Front 42

AORTIC PRESSURE DECREASES SLOWLY DURING DIASTOLE BECAUSE OF THE ______ OF THE AORTA

Back 42

ELASTICITY ( IT WILL EXPAND, STRECHT ,RETRACT)

Front 43

THESE ITEMS HELP PREVENT BACK FLOW (CT)

Back 43

CHORADE TENDINEAE ATTACHED TO A-V VALVES

Front 44

THESE ATTACH TO CHORADETENDINEAE AND PREVENT BACK FLOW DURING SYSTOLE

Back 44

PAPILLARY MUSCLE

Front 45

FRANK STARLING MECHANISM

Back 45

WITHIN PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITS THE HEART PUMPS ALL THE BLOOD THAT COMES TO IT WITHOUT EXCESSIVE DAMMING IN THE VEINS

Front 46

WITHIN PHHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITS THE HEART PUMPS ALL THE BLOOD THAT COMES TO IT WITHOUT EXCESSIVE DAMMING IN THE VEINS

Back 46

FRANK STARLING MECHANISM

Front 47

EXTRA STRECTCH ON CARDIAC MYOCYTES MAKES ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS _______INTERDIGITATE TO A MORE OPTIMAL DEGRESS OF FORCE GENERATIO

Back 47

INTERDIGITATE

Front 48

AUTONOMIC -SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION CAUSES I/D HR + INCR CONTRACTILITY WITH HR = 180-200 AND C.O. = ______L/MIN

Back 48

Increased 15-20L/min

Front 49

AUTOMONIC – PARASYMPATHEITIC STIMULATION I/D HR MARKEDLY AND DECR CONTRACTILITY SLIGHTLY.

Back 49

DECREASES

Front 50

DURING PAPARSYMPATHEIC STIMULATION VAGAL FIBERS GO TO ______?

Back 50

ATRIA

Front 51

TACHYCARDIA = FAST HEART REATE AND CAN DECREASE C.O. WHY?

Back 51

NOT ENOUGH TIME TO SUFFICANTLY FILL THE HEART DURING DIASTOLE.

Front 52

VASCULAR DISTENSIBILITY IS

Back 52

THE FRACTIONAL INCREASE IN VOLUME FOR EACH mmHg RISE IN PRESSURE

Front 53

VEINS ARE ____ TIMES MORE DISTENSIBLE THAN ARTERIES

Back 53

8 TIMES

Front 54

PULMONARY ARTERIES ARE RELATIVELY DISTENSIBLE TRUE OR FALSE

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

VASCULAR DISTENSIBILITY= INCRESE IN VOLUME , INCREASE IN PRESSURE X

Back 55

ORIGINAL VOLUME

Front 56

HEIGHT OF PRESSURE PULSE IS THE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

Back 56

120 mmHg

Front 57

THE LOWEST POINT IS DIASTOLCI PRESSURE

Back 57

80mmHg

Front 58

WHAT IS THE DIFFENCE BETTWEEN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE IS

Back 58

PULSE PRESSURE 40mmHg

Front 59

THE CAPACITANCE OF VEINS IS _____ TIMES THAT OF ARTERIES

Back 59

24 TIMES

Front 60

ATERIAL COMPLIANCE – DECREASE IN COMPLIANCE = I/D IN PULSE PRESSURE

Back 60

INCREASE PULSE PRESSURE

Front 61

ATERIAL COMPLIANCE - INCREASE IN COMPLIANCE = I/D IN PULSE PRESSURE

Back 61

DECREASE PULSE

Front 62

INCREASE STROKE VOL INCREASE PULSE PRESSURE AND IF YOU DECREASE ______ YOU DECREASE PULSE PRESSURE

Back 62

STROK VOL

Front 63

WHAT % OF BLOOD IS IN THE VEINS

Back 63

60%

Front 64

THESE LOCATIONS IN THE BODY SERVE AS RESERVIORS ARE

Back 64

SPLEEN, LIVER, LARGE ABDOMICAL VEINS

Front 65

______ PRESSURE TENDS TO INCREASE VENOUS PRSSURES IN THE LEGS

Back 65

ABDOMINAL PRESSURE

Front 66

RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE CAUSED BLOOD TO BACK UP INOT WHAT SYSTEM, THERE FORE INCREASING _____ PRESSURE

Back 66

VENSOUS SYSTEM, VENOUS

Front 67

RIGHT ATRIUM PRESSURE IS CALLED

Back 67

CENTRAL VENOUS PRSSURE

Front 68

CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE IS NORMALLY 0 mmHg, but can be ______ mmHg

Back 68

20-30

Front 69

INTRACELLULAR FLUID _____L =

Back 69

28.0 L

Front 70

PLASMAS = ___ L =

Back 70

3.0 L

Front 71

INTERSITIAL FLUID = ____

Back 71

11.0L

Front 72

WHAT TWO FACTORS DECREASE TOTAL BODY WATER

Back 72

INCREASING OBESITY AND AGE

Front 73

DISTRIBUTION ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE IS REALTED TO OSMOTIC FORCES

Back 73

ELECTROLYTES NA+ CA++ K+

Front 74

DISTRIBUTION ACROSS CAPILLARIES IS DETEMINED BY HYDROSTATIC AND ______ _______ FORCES

Back 74

COLLOID OSMOTIC