A&p Exam 4-5

Front 1

64.Freshly voided urine has very little smell, but shortly after voiding it can take a very strong smell, why?

Back 1

Freshly voided urine is relatively sterile but if it is allowed to stand, bacteria begin to metabolize the urea solutes to release ammonia and other smells depending on the person's diet. A fruity smell generally means there is a diabetes problem.

Front 2

68.In which compartments are the following electrolytes highest in concentration: Sodium ions, Potassium ions, Phosphate ions, Bicarbonate ions, and Proteins

Back 2

Potassium Ions (K+)

Front 3

70.Edema may result from ______

Back 3

Renal Failure

Front 4

71.The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ______

Back 4

Plasma

Front 5

72.Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Back 5

Potassium (K+)

Front 6

73.Describe the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

Back 6

K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

Front 7

74.The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ______

Back 7

Potassium ion concentration in blood plasma

Front 8

75.What regulates the movement of fluids between cellular compartments?

Back 8

Osmotic and Hydrostatic forces

Front 9

76.Describe the maintenance of electrolyte balance and the factors which may disrupt it.

Back 9

May be disturbed due to higher loss of electrolytes on hot days

Front 10

77.Describe the role of Parathyroid hormone

Back 10

It is the most important control of calcium homeostasis

Front 11

78.Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of:

Back 11

Lymph and interstitial fluid, blood plasma,cerebrospinal fluidr

Front 12

79.Describe the causes of fluid shifts?

Back 12

Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.

Front 13

80.Which hormones are important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys? The total body water is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Plasma is considered:

Back 13

Antidiuretic hormone

Front 14

81.Disorders of water balance include:

Back 14

hypotonic hydration, edema or tissue swelling, excess water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins

Front 15

82.Describe the mechanisms and consequences of the regulation of sodium.

Back 15

It is linked to blood pressure