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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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*Gas diffusion in the alveoli is through what cells? |
Type 1
(Squamous epithelium) |
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*Atmospheric pressure at sea level 0°C : |
760 mm Hg |
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Inspiration |
Volume UP ⬆ Pressure DOWN ⬇ |
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Expiration |
Volume DOWN ⬇ Pressure UP ⬆ |
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Anatomical dead space: |
150 mL |
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*Bohr Effect |
Influence of CO2 & H+ on Hb to release O2 |
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Obstructive Emphysema |
Destruction of large surface of alveolar walls |
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Henry's Law |
Each gas dissolves in a liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. |
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*pCO2 |
Arterial blood: 40 mm hg
Venous blood: 45 mm hg |
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Larynx Cartilages: |
Paired- Arytenoid, Cuneiform, Corniculate Unpaired- Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis |
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*Cricoid Cartilage is unpaired or paired? |
Unpaired |
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*Surfactant is produced by what cells? |
Type 2 alveolar cells |
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*According to Boyle's Law, changes in air volume and pressure are ______ proportional. |
Inversely
V⬆ P⬇ |
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Tidal Volume = |
500 mL |
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Anemic Hypoxia - |
Poor delivery of oxygen due to fewer RBCs |
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Intrapleural Pressure |
756 mm Hg (-4 mm lower than atmospheric pressure) |
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Oxygen (O2-Hb) dissociation curve is ______ relationship. |
S shaped! NON linear |
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Total Lung Capacity |
6000 mL |
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- TRACHEA (windpipe) |
• 10-12 cm (4 in) long Wall: ° Mucosa: -Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells ° Submucosa: -Connective tissue -16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage ° Adventitia: -Connective tissue |
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- PHARYNX (throat) |
*Skeletal Muscles*
3 Regions: - Nasopharynx [pharyngeal tonsil located on wall of nasopharynx)
- Oropharynx
- Laryngeopharynx |
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Alveoli (3 significant features) |
-surrounded by fine elastic fibers -open alveolar pores provide alternative air routes -efficient alveolar macrophages crawl freely along interior alveolar surface |
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Pressures in Lungs: |
- Negative Pressure = lower than atmospheric pressure - Positive pressure = higher than atmospheric pressure |
➖ = ⬇ ➕ = ⬆ |
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Barometry: |
Measurement of pressure |
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Ischemic (stagnant) Hypoxia: |
Blood circulation blocked |
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Histotoxic Hypoxia |
Cells unable to use O2 °metabolic poisoning °cyanide |
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Hypoxemic Hypoxia |
Due to reduced arterial pressure |
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Haldene Effect |
Removal of O2 from Hb ➡ to increase ability of Hb to bind to CO2 and H+ |
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Hypothalamic Controls |
Strong emotions, pain, heat, cold All increase ventilation |
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Cortical controls |
Holding breath or take an extra deep breath |
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Normal Quiet Breathing |
Abdominals ➕ INTERNAL intercostals |
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Forced Breathing |
Abdominals ➕ EXTERNAL intercostals |
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In what form CO2 is transported in the greatest percentage as dissolved in plasma? |
HCO3 |
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Decreased blood concentration of H+ causes __________ ventilation. |
Decreased |
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Cartilage is present in what parts of conducting zone? |
TRACHEA & major branches of it |
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*Abdominals and external intercostals are required for which respiratory activity? |
Forced Breathing |
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*Increase in pCO2 causes _______ alveolar ventilation. |
Increased |
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Type 1 cells are: |
Simple squamous |
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Order Nose➡alveoli |
Nose ⬇ pharynx ⬇ Trachea ⬇ Bronchi ⬇ Terminal bronchioles ⬇ Respiratory bronchiole ⬇ Alvelolar ducts ⬇ Alveoli |
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Order Nose➡alveoli |
Nose ⬇ pharynx ⬇ Trachea ⬇ Bronchi ⬇ Terminal bronchioles ⬇ Respiratory bronchiole ⬇ Alvelolar ducts ⬇ Alveoli |
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Alveolar air contains more _________ than atmospheric air. |
water vapors and carbon dioxide |
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Herring Breuer Reflex |
Prevention of over inflation of lungs |
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