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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ventricular balance?
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equal amounts of blood are normally pumped by the two ventricles through the two circulations
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What are the layers of the heart in order that a scalpel would pass through during dissection?
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epicardium, myocrdium, endocardium
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The areolar connective tissue that surrounds heart muscle cells
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endomysium
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What is the endomysium?
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the areolar connective tissue that surrounds the heart muscles
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What is the sarcolemma?
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plasma membrane
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Where do T-tubules of cardiac muscle invaginate the cell?
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once per sarcomere at the z discs
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What invaginates the sarcomere at the z discs and extend to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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T-Tubules
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What are some differences between cardiac SR and skeletal SR?
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less extensive in cardiac than skeletal
lacks both terminal cistern and a tight association with transverse tubules |
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How are cardiac muscle cells connected to adjacent cells?
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intercalated discs composed both of desmosomes and gap junctions
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What are intercalated discs?
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found at cell-to-cell junctions,
link cardiac muscle cells together both mechanically and electrically; have desmosomes have gap junctions |
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What are desmosomes?
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protein filaments that anchor into a protein plaque located on the internal surface of the sarcolemma. Prevent cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart.
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What are gap junctions?
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Protein pores between the sarcolemma of adjacent cardiac muscle cells. They provide a low-resistance pathway for the flow of ions between cardiac cells.
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What features of cardiac muscle support its great demand for energy?
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extensive blood supply, numerous mitochondria, and other structures such as myoglobin and creatine kinase
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What kind of respiration does cardiac muscle rely almost exclusively?
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aerobic cellular respiration
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Blood supply of the heart wall:
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coronary vessels
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These arteries are the first and only branches of the ascending aorta and originate immediately superior to the aortic semilunar valve:
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right and left coronary arteries
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what is an anastomoses?
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arteries that share connections
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What are end arteries?
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arteries that terminate in capillary beds
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acronym for right coronary arteries:
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RaMP
Right coronary artery splints into the right Marginal artery and Posterior interventricular artery. |
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acronym for lett coronary arteries:
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LAC
Left coronary artery, Anterior interventricular artery, Circumflex artery |
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this is a coronary artery disease?
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atherosclerosis
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The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein all drain into the _____
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coronary sinus
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The pacemaker of the heart
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SA node
sinoatrial node |
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Where is the SA node located?
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posterior wall of the right atrium
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Where is the AV node located?
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in the floor of the right atrium between the right AV valve and the opening for the coronary sinus
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