A&p Exam 1

Front 1

process in which RNA polymerase uses the genetic info. to assemble mRNA

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transcription

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template of DNA is (CCG)(ATA)(GGT) name DNA coding strand

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DNA coding strand: GGC TAT CCA

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template of DNA is (CCG)(ATA)(GGT) name codon of mRNA

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codon of mRNA: GGC UAU CCA

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template of DNA is (CCG)(ATA)(GGT) name anticodon of tRNA

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anticodon of tRNA: CCG ATA GGT

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coding strand of DNA is(TTA)(GGA)(CCG)(TAC) name anticodone of tRNA?

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anticodone: AAU CCU GGC AUG

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Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxify (also, lipid and protein syntheis) is function of which organelle?

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ENDOPLASTIC RETICULUM (ER)

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Main function is lipid syntheis

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SMOOTH ER

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Main function is protein synthesis

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ROUGH ER

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Main functions are packaging of: lysomal enzymes and proteins or other substances for export from cell or to be used by plasma membrane

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GOLGI APPARATUS

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Main funciton is to digest worn out organelles and foreign substances, capacity for total cell destruction

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LYSOSOME

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Main FXN to detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals

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PEROXISOME

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Main FXN to produce cellular ATP "power-house of the cell"

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MITOCHONDRIA

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Supports and moves substances within the cell

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CYTOSKELETON

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Main FXN: protein synthesis

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RIBOSOMES

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4 Stages of mitosis in order

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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

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Phase of mitosis in which the chromatid pairs separtae and the daughter chromosomes move towards the opposite ends of the cell

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Anaphase

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G0, G1, S, G2 are also called

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Interphase

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Replication of DNA occurs primarily in which phase of interphase?

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S phase

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Cytoplasmic separation of the daughter cells is also called

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cellular division

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the spreading process of a primary tumor

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invasion

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dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is calles

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METATASIS

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packaging of extracellular materials in a vesticle at the cell surface for inportation into the cell is called

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ENDOCYTOSIS

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this happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

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HEMOLYSIS

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In a hypertonic solution that is only permeable to the solvent, the cell will ?

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CRENATE

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4 Primary tissues found in the body

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Epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural

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tissue type that covers exposed surfaces adn line sinternal passageways and body cavities

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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types of cells that form glandular epithelium that secrete enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands

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SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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type of epithelial tissue found only along the ducts that drian sweet glands

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STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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type of epithelial tissue which permits the expansion and recoils after stretching, found in bladder, renal penis, and ureters

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TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

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Name given to net diffusion of water accross a membrane

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OSMOSIS

Front 31

The reason that dead skin cells are usually shed in thick sheets rather than individually is caused by what cell junction?

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DESOSOME

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facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that it requires:

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CARRIER PROTEINS

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Vesticular transport is active or passive?

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ACTIVE

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The inportation of extracellular materials in vesticles is called

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ENDOCYTOSIS

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The Sodium-Potassium Pump maintains resting potential by bringing in ____ and pumping out ____. what type of transport is this?

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2K+; 3Na+; ACTIVE

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Type of transport which requires ATP

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ACTIVE

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Type of transport which does not require ATP

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PASSIVE

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Phospolipid bi-layer is called a fluid mosaic model because it contains

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PHOSPHOLIPIDS, STEROIDS, PROTEINS, AND CARBOHYDRATES

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The nucleus communicates with the cytoplasm through

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NUCLEAR PORES

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Mucus is an exaple of which type of secretion?

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MEROCRINE

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Merocrine releases sensible sweat through________

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VESTICLES

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This type of secretion produce acne ans sebum by desroying the whole gland cells

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HOLOCRINE

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This loss of cytoplasm produces an odorous secretion

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APOCRINE

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In this type of junction , 2 cells are held together by connection proteins which let small molecules and ions pass from cell to cell

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GAP JUNCTION

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This junction prevents water and solutes to pass between cells

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TIGHT JUNCTION

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3 Basic components of all connective tissues are:

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SPECIALIZED CELLS, EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN FIBERS, AND GROUND SUBSTANCE

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3 Classes of connective tissue based on structure and fxn are:

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER, FLUID, AND SUPPORTING

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2 Major cell populations found in connective tissue proper are:

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FIXED AND WANDERING CELLS

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The major purposes of adipose tissue in the body are:

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PADDING, CUSHION, AND INSULATION

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Connect Muscle to bone

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TENDONS

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Connect Bone to bone

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LIGAMENTS

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Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called

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OSTEOCYTES