Ap Euro Whs Chapters 12,13 And 16

Front 1

February Revolution

Back 1

Revolution in France in 1848 that unseated Louis Philippe and the July Monarchy in three days

Front 2

Louis Blanc

Back 2

Economist and Social republican in France that proposed expansive economic and social reforms through a system of social workshops

Front 3

National Workshops

Back 3

The Provisional Government of France’s concession to social republicans, a limited system of state-supported manufacturing

Front 4

June Days

Back 4

Three Days in France in 1848 where bloody class warfare ravaged Paris

Front 5

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III)

Back 5

Relative of Napoleon who was elected as President of France with a great deal of help from the Napoleonic Legend. While claiming great social reforms, he eventually lost power for his losses in war. He would show great similarities to the dictators of the 1930’s.

Front 6

March Days

Back 6

Period of social and political revolution in the Austrian empire following the resignation of Metternich

Front 7

Windischgrätz

Back 7

Austrian general that recaptured Vienna and defeated the Magyar nationalist movement

Front 8

Giuseppe Mazzini

Back 8

Prominent political activist and writer for Italian nationalism; led the short-lived Republic of Rome

Front 9

Bach System

Back 9

System set up in Austria after the March Days that rooted out nationalism and liberty in favor of administrative efficiency and material progress

Front 10

Syllabus of Errors

Back 10

Writings by Pope Pious IX which warned Catholics of liberalism and progress

Front 11

Frankfurt Assembly

Back 11

Assembly of Germans that attempted to establish a unified German state

Front 12

Little Germans

Back 12

Germans that wanted a unified Germany to be compromised of Prussia and smaller state with no Austria

Front 13

Great Germans

Back 13

Germans that wanted a unified Germany to be compromised of Austria, excluding Hungary- crown would go to Hapsburgs

Front 14

Prussian Constitution of 1850

Back 14

Fairly progressive constitution that allowed for the election of deputies in an indirect system

Front 15

Materialism

Back 15

Philosophical belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal was an outgrowth of physical or physiological forces- called realism in literature and arts

Front 16

Auguste Comte

Back 16

French philosopher who championed the idea of positivism, believing that human history was broken in up into three phases- theological, metaphysical, and the scientific

Front 17

Realpolitik

Back 17

Politics of reality- often meant people should give up utopian dreams. For radicals, it meant people should stop thinking a new society would be based on goodness or justice, and social reformers should instead focus on politics

Front 18

The Communist Manifesto

Back 18

Document written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that expressed the ideas of the Communist League and developing the idea of Marxism, serving as a call to action for the working people to rise up against their bourgeoisie oppressors

Front 19

Dialectical Materialism

Back 19

Marxist rebuke of Hegel, expressing that change arose out of material conditions

Front 20

Nation-State

Back 20

A state characterized by the political authority resting upon and representing the will and feeling of its inhabitants

Front 21

Crimean War

Back 21

War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire after Nicholas I moved onto Ottoman soil with military forces

Front 22

Risorgimento

Back 22

War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire after Nicholas I moved onto Ottoman soil with military forces

Front 23

Victor Emmanuel

Back 23

King of the constitutional monarchy of Piedmont, and later, a unified Italy

Front 24

Camillo di Cavour

Back 24

Prime Minister of Piedmont after 1852; Western style liberal, developed a master plan of provoking Austria to fight against France to develop a unified Italian state

Front 25

Franco-Austrian Agreement

Back 25

Agreement that gave Lombardy to Piedmont while leaving Venetia to the Austrians- offered a compromise to the Italian question, a federal union of the existing Italian governments, presided over by the pope

Front 26

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Back 26

Italian nationalist leading the Red Shirts- led the Red Shirts to Rome where the Kingdom of Italy was formally proclaimed

Front 27

Otto von Bismarck

Back 27

Prussian Junker and champion of Realpolitik- As minister president of Prussia, led Prussia into wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. After the defeat of France, a German empire was declared

Front 28

Prussian-Danish War

Back 28

Prussian and Austria war with Denmark after the Danes attempt to annex the Schleswig area

Front 29

Seven Weeks’ War

Back 29

Startlingly swift Prussian war against Austria, proving Prussia as the supreme German nation

Front 30

Franco-Prussian War

Back 30

War between France and Prussia after an offer for a Prussian Prince to be king of Spain threatened to entrench France. The Prussians won and proclaimed a German empire. The war also put Napoleon III out of power

Front 31

Francis Joseph

Back 31

Austrian emperor from 1848 to 1916, short-sighted and unambitious, disliked everything progressive and liberal

Front 32

Austria-Hungary Dual Monarchy

Back 32

Two separate national entities of Austria and Hungary controlled by one Hapsburg ruler

Front 33

Emancipation Act of 1861

Back 33

Liberal act of Alexander II that allocated half of the cultivated land to the former serfs

Front 34

People’s Justice

Back 34

Book by Bakunin and Necvhaiev that called for terrorism against tsarist officials and liberals

Front 35

Neomercantilism

Back 35

Revival of the national economic principles of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries- idea of creating a large self-sufficient trading unit, protect from outside competition with tariffs- guaranteeing wealth and prosperity for home country

Front 36

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of World Capitalism

Back 36

Book by anti-imperialist J.A. Hobson, condemning the accumulation of surplus capital on socialist grounds- argued that a change in the domestic economy would remove the main motive for imperialism

Front 37

Joseph Chamberlain

Back 37

British manufacturer that argued for British dominions to have lower tariffs on British goods than form other foreign countries, creating a self-sustaining and self-protecting empire

Front 38

Mexican-American War

Back 38

War between Mexico and America over the US annexation of Texas. Mexico was defeated, ending up losing not just Texas, but the whole region from Texas to California

Front 39

Benito Juarez

Back 39

Mexican President and liberal reformer, led the resistance to the French-backed regime imposed on Mexico by Napoleon III

Front 40

Spanish-American War

Back 40

War between Spain and America over the remnants of the Spanish empire in the Caribbean

Front 41

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 41

Theodore Roosevelt’s declaration that the US would not let Europe intervene in America to collect debts, but rather that America would intervene to protect the investments of the civilized world

Front 42

Abdul Hamid II

Back 42

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire after 1876, originally in favor of reforms, but soon became paranoid and removed parliament, the constitution, and the Young Turks
Young Turks

Front 43

Treaty of San Stefano

Back 43

Treaty following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878- Ottomans gave up strategic territory on the south side of the Caucus Mountains, gave full independence to Serbia and Romania, and granted autonomy to a new Bulgarian state

Front 44

Dr. Livingstone

Back 44

British explorer, humanitarian, and missionary who reached deep into the heart of Africa, becoming the first white man to see the Victoria Falls

Front 45

H.M. Stanley

Back 45

Came looking for the missing Dr. Livingstone, saw economic possibilities in Africa, and found someone with a similar philosophy in King Leopold II of the Belgians

Front 46

Berlin Conference

Back 46

European conference that submitted the African conference to international regulation- goals of setting up the territories of the Congo Association as an international state and to draft a code governing the way in which European powers wishing to acquire African territory should proceed

Front 47

Fashoda Crisis

Back 47

Showdown of the Eastward advancing French imperial ambitions and Southward advancing British imperial ambitious at Fashoda- the French would eventually back down

Front 48

South African War

Back 48

War against British and Dutch South African Boers over mining rights for diamonds and gold in the Transvaal region

Front 49

Treaty of Portsmouth

Back 49

Treaty after the Russian defeat against Japan in the Russo-Japanese war, with Japan gaining and regaining control of Port Arthur, Liaotung, position in Manchuria, and a protectorate in Korea