Ap Euro Unit 5

Front 1

Philip II

Back 1

king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I, supported the counterreformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England

Front 2

Dutch Revolt

Back 2

(1566-79) Caused for religious reasons; Protestant Region in Northern Spanish Netherlands/Dutch Republic; they revolted against Spanish authority for political and religious independence from Spain

Front 3

William I

Back 3

Ruler of the Netherlands who led a revolt for independence against Hapsburg Philip II of Spain.

Front 4

United provinces of the Netherlands

Back 4

formed in 1581-Dutch Republic-received aid from Elizabeth I-major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining Catholicism throughout his empire

Front 5

Spanish armada

Back 5

the great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588, failed

Front 6

Catherine de medici

Back 6

wife of Henry II, influenced her sons after the end of there father's rein. She placed an alliance with the ultra-Catholics (the militant Catholics), which was led by the second most powerful family in France, The Guise Family. She permitted the Guise Family their own independent army,which they would use to take out the other religions residing within the French Borders. This led to the civil wars in France and also the St. Bartholome's Day Massacre.

Front 7

Huguenots

Back 7

The Huguenots were French Protestants. The tide of the Reformation reached France early in the sixteenth century and was part of the religious and political fomentation of the times.

Front 8

French wars of religion

Back 8

9 wars in last half of 16th century-power struggle between 3 noble families for Crown after death of Henry II

Front 9

St Bartholomew massacre

Back 9

Mass slaying of Huguenots (Calvinists) in Paris, on Saint Bartholomew's Day, 1572.

Front 10

War of the henrires

Back 10

This was the last of the wars that occurred over the religious differences in France, between the Catholics (Henry III of France and Henry of Guise) and Protestants (Henry IV)

Front 11

Henry IV

Back 11

first Bourbon king-most important kings in French history-rise to power ended French Civil Wars-gradual course to absolutism-politique-converted to Catholicism to gain loyalty of Paris

Front 12

politique

Back 12

A ruler who suppresses his or her religious designs for his or her kingdom in favor of political expediency. Examples: Elizabeth I (England), Henry IV (France).

Front 13

edict of nantes

Back 13

1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants

Front 14

thirty years war

Back 14

1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.

Front 15

Defenestration of prague

Back 15

The throwing of Catholic officials from a castle window in Bohemia. Started the Thirty Years' War.

Front 16

Edict of restitution

Back 16

Imperial law that prohibited all Calvinist worship and restored Catholic ownership of land stolen by the Protestant Princes of the Reformation.

Front 17

Gustavus Aldophus of Sweden

Back 17

joins Thirty Years' War in 1629, king of Sweden, Protestant leader, stands up for fellow Protestants, military genius, wins a lot for Protestant team; supported by Richelieu, who wants to end Hapsburg power; killed in 1632 at battle of Luetzen

Front 18

Cardinal Richelieu of France

Back 18

This was the man who influenced the power of King Louis XIII the most and tried to make France an absolute monarchy

Front 19

treaty of westphalia

Back 19

Ended Thirty Years' War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic

Front 20

stuart dynasty

Back 20

The Stuart dynasty began with Robert II taking the throne as King of Scots in 1371, and ended with the death of Anne of Great Britain in 1714. In total, 15 monarchs ruled Scotland over 343 years.

Front 21

james I

Back 21

the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625

Front 22

charles 1

Back 22

son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland

Front 23

puritans

Back 23

a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.

Front 24

long parliament

Back 24

The Long Parliament was an English Parliament summoned on 3 November 1640 by King Charles I after the fiasco of the Short Parliament earlier that year, which itself followed a 11-years parliamentary absence.

Front 25

english civil war

Back 25

This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished

Front 26

Oliver Cromwell

Back 26

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

Front 27

New Model Army

Back 27

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.

Front 28

protectorate

Back 28

This was the name of the military dictatorship that England took on during the reign of Oliver Cromwell

Front 29

interregnum

Back 29

the time between two reigns, governments, etc.

Front 30

restoration

Back 30

The Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Front 31

charles II

Back 31

King of England and Scotland and Ireland during the Restoration (1630-1685)

Front 32

great fire of london

Back 32

The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London, from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666.