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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is mercantilism?
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-Colonization feeds mother country
-Before capitalism -Import raw goods export products -Control of seas -Works well for Britain |
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What was the Agricultural Revolution?
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-Before capitalism
-Better methods of farming=more food -Allows for population growth -Surplus, crop specialization |
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Who was Jethrow Tiller?
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Created a machine that separated seed from the husk
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What was the social mobility that existed before capitalism?
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-Guilds no longer exist
-People can move up |
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What was the British government like before capitalism?
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-Stable government
-Representative monarchy |
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What were some inventions created in the British Industrial Revolution?
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-Use of iron
-Fulton=steamboat -Bessemer= steel, cheaper and better -Morse code -Textile mills= cotton from America's, wool domestically, high demand for clothes |
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What were some themes of the Industrial Revolution?
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-Natural laws of economy= government doesn't regulate economy
-Capital=means by which you make your profit -Legal equality -Labor based on wage rather than product= people weren't invested in product, specialized unskilled laborers |
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Who were Malthus and Riccardo?
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-Iron Law of Wages= minimum amount where poor people can just live and have no extra money
-Low wages= can't have children (for their own good) -The worth of a human -One's own responsibility to be successful b/c no more feudalism |
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What was classical liberalism?
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-Equality= property, press, religion, speech
-Representative gov. -Individualism -Bourgeoisie loves, others don't feel so great -No internal structures to deal with rapid urbanization |
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Where is the proof that classical liberalism/capitalism works?
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The America's
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What were the impacts of Industrialization?
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-Gross= poop in streets, crime
-Iron Law of Wages= people not being paid very much |
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What was Socialism?
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-Contrast to Liberalism= people left out of capitalism (only B included), don't have resources, Liberalism problem is yours
-France= Louis doesn't care, not his problem, crushes revolt, conservative -Social equality -Government run economy -Early= aware of impact of urban, liberalism wasn't protecting rights, natural laws and free market are BS, only protect same ppl who were rich |
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What was Communism?
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-Kind of socialism
-Gov. owns factories and controls farms |
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Who were the Ludites?
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-Smashed factories
-Cause of inequalities= technology |
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What was French Utopian Socialism and who were three key figures?
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-People feel disenfranchised, progress has led us astray, technology=bad, rich getting richer
-Adam Smith= If you're poor it's your fault -Gov should have stronger role= working conditions, private property, no free market -Henry St. Simon= ppl were parasites (old aristocracy), never really go rid of feudalism, intellectuals didn't have same privileges as upper class, but they should run state b/c they would stand up for poor -Charles Fourier= self-sufficient communities, agriculture, abolish marriage, pro-women's rights, free unions, sexual freedom |
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What was the Romantic period?
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-Counter-Enlightenment= based on feelings and emotion, push against rational ideas
-Enlightenment was for smart wealthy people -Glorification of commoners= Grimme Brothers, Goethe -Sturm drang= consistent push and pull of emotions.forces -Connected to Individualism= inherent quality, commonality of human experience (not explained rationally), feeling of finding yourself, self-determination>capitalism -Searching for divine spark that connects us= not reason, swept up in emotion |
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Who was Hegel?
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-Push for Zeitgeist= spirit of the times
-Thesis+Antithesis= synthesis, each movement you end up with a solution of contradiction of what you had before, Dialectic= opposing sides -Idea is still to perfect society= men can learn from his mistakes, explanation of history of time -French Rev.=synthesis what happened before, contradiction= 3 estates, noble and clergy had most power but 3rd estate had economic power -People are isolated from each other -Total movement |
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Who was Von Herder?
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-Romantic natioanlism= political legitamacy comes from commoners, rise of nationalism with self-determination
-Commonality= language= most important factor, natural myths part of cultural identity -Diaspora= spreading out of people, Jews but still maintain nationalism (through family) -Geography -Not a fan of French ruling over Germans -Freedom of self-expression |
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What were the basics of Nationalism?
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-Associated with Classical Liberalism
-People wanted to vote and equalities -Extension of strengthening state |
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What was Nationalism like in France?
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-Napoleon the Third= crowned himself empire (1st elected)
-No longer connected to liberalism, authoritarian ruler -People liked him= his name, his progressiveness, did something for the working class b/c Parliament wasn't -For conservatives= Marx replaced one tyrant with another -Builds Paris sewers, reorganizes Paris so you can't have revolutions (widens streets) -Reforms= more voting/Paris -Peasants are having the revolution not Proletariat -Public wars= state as a whole |
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What was the Realist Movement?
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-Romantic age is out= tell it how it is, cut emotional crap
-People are good/evil based on nature/nurture, no human nature -We follow the laws of nature, environment shapes us |
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What was Italy like?
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-Not united= problem, Northern part more wealthy, push unification from Piedmont
-Afraid of communism -Loose group people= unification not seen as a threat -France wants to help= Nap.III in favor of self-determination, stronger Italian state= balance of power in Austria |
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Who was Cavour?
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-Sneaky, oppurtunistic, rich from Piedmont, French
-Cremian War= sides with GB, France Austria vs. Russia, smart move -Benefits of capitalist society, becomes more successful -1858= allied with Nap through marriage, made secret peace with Russia, wants Austrians out, take away temporal power from Pope -1859= tricked Austria into war with France where they are defeated, French get nervous, Nap makes separate peace with Austria, and feel conflicted with Pope (Catholic) |
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What happened in 1860?
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-Piedmont gets Northern Italy=all the wealth/best parts
-Pope is angry excommunicates -Three main states= Piedmont states, Papal states, Two Sicilies |
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Who was Garibaldi?
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-Took his 1,000 men south
-Revolutionary, but conservative, red shirts -Cavour helps, take Two Sicilies, but have to deal with Pope and French in Rome -Emmanuel, Cavour Garibaldi join together to unify, successful for most part, still issues like dept, rich and poor regional, transportation |
