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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tsar Alexander III (1881-1893)
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tried to stamp out revolutionism/criticism of gov
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Russification
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forceful assimilation to Russian culture
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Pobiedonostsev
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procurator of the holy Synod; regarded West as alien/doomed
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mirs
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village communes
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populist intelligentsia
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appealed to **peasant masses** & denounced evils of landlordism; approved of terrorism/assassination; believed capitalist period could be skipped
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Black Hundreds
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backed total autocracy
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Constitutional Democratic Party
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aka. Cadets-- liberals, progressives, constitutionalists; wanted nationally elected parliament to control policies of state; believed duma could bring about needed change; not concerned w/ plight of peasants; Constitutional Monarchy; came about after October Manifesto
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Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)
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upper-middle class bg; founder of Bolshevism; rigidly stood by Marxian fundamentals )dialectic materialism & class struggle)
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monopoly capitalism
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focused on exporting surplus capital & investing it in underdeveloped areas for greater profits
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Revolution of 1905
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sparked by Bloody Sunday; precurosr to Russian Rev of 1917
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Father Gapon
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priest who tried to organize St. Petersburg factory workers to petition their grievances to the tsar
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St. Petersburg Soviet
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workers' council led mainly by Mensheviks; declared general strike in Oct. 1905
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October Manifesto
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hoping to divide opposition, issued by tsar Nicholas II; promised constituion, civil liberties, & Duma elected by all classes alike w/ powers to enact laws/control admin
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Peter Stolypin
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principal minister to tsar 1906-1911; reformer
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Rasputin
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mystical monk; gained much-resented influence over tsarina b/c supposedly cured young son of hemophilia
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Alexander Kerensky
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moderate/legal-minded Social Revolutionary
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Cheka
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political police
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war communism
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adopted by Bolsheviks; nationalizing large industries but leaving under control of workers' communities
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Red (bolshevik) Terror
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aimed to purge all those who opposed new regime
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Politburo
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political bureau of ~12 members in central committee; dominated discussions of policy/personnel
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USSR
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union of soviet socialist republics; in 1922 occupied 1/6 of world's land
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Central Committee
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center of Communist party authority
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New Economic Policy
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adopted in 1921 until 1927; kept state ownership of basic productive industries tho allowed great deal of private trading for private profit
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Joseph Stalin
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general secretary of Communist party; after Lenin's death in 1924 drew party control into own hands
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Leon Trotsky
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developed doctrine of permenant rev (dirve for proletarian objectives worldwide); exiled to Siberia/banned from USSR
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First Five Yr Plan (1928)
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aimed at rapidly industrializing/collectivizing
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Gosplan
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determined how much of each product should be produced, wages, etc
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Agricultural Plan of 1929
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set up collective farms
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Second Five Yr Plan (1933)
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determined to cut down imports/achieve national self-sufficiency
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Stakhanovites
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labor heroes
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Gulag
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prison camp
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Serge Kirov
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Stalin's old friend/comrade; assassinated after showing signs of disaffecting
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Great Terror of 1934-1938
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Stalin's purges -- over 3.7mil ppl tried for counterrev
Trials of the Old Bolsheviks, etc after 1938, basically no old bolsheviks left & any possible rivals in his est. system |
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opportunism
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name given by rigorous Marxists to revisionism/compromising
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Zimmerwalf program
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drawn up by a minority of anti-war socialists @ Zimmerwald in 1915; called for immediate peace w/o indemnities/ annexations; ignored mostly
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fascism
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relies on dictatorial rule/totalitarian regime where state maintains strict control of ppl thru force/censorship; opposed communism b/c promised to preserve existing social classes/ ownership of private property
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Zinoviev letter (1924)
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published in England in 1924, supposedly Comintern urged British workers to provoke rev; led to great electoral victory for Conservative party
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Third International (Comintern)
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created March 1919; Bolshevik's new organization for promoting world rev
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Zimmerwald Left
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inspired by Lenin; hoped that war would go on until it caused social rev in belligerent ocuntries
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Lenin's 21 Points
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endorsed @ 2nd congress of Comintern in 1920; required each national party to call itself Communist, reject reformist socialism, discipline members, expel anyone who didn't follow, etc
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Socialist Revolutionary Party
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formed in 1902 for agrarian socialism (NOT PROLETARIAN); believed in terrorism
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zemstvos
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regional admin councils of landowners; want a parliamentary gov
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TsiK
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All Russian Central Executive Committee; formed from Mensheviks; controlled soliders & workers; went up against Provisional Gov
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